The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hello and Goodbye: A Study of Social Engagement in Autism
Abstract
We videotaped 24 children, adolescents, and young adults with autism, individually matched for chronological age and verbal mental age with 24 nonautistic persons with mental retardation, for their spontaneous and prompted greetings and farewells towards an unfamiliar adult. Compared with control subjects, those with autism were less likely to offer spontaneous verbal and nonverbal gestures of greeting and farewell, and were less likely to establish eye contact even when they were offered a greeting. There were also fewer autistic subjects who smiled, or who waved goodbye. Results corresponded with raters' subjective judgments of participants' interpersonal engagement with the stranger. One interpretation of the findings is that they reflect a relative lack of intersubjective engagement by autistic individuals.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“They are less likely to offer spontaneous gestures of greeting and farewell [69], to adequately resort to maintaining strategies, such as hiding affect [70], presenting themselves strategically to convince a specific audience [71], or displaying social laughter [72] and social emotions –e.g., embarrassment, or coyness [73].”
From The social motivation theory of autism (2012) · cites this paper as [69]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529310 · Cited by 81,148
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Kendell, R. E. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.12.1630 · Cited by 5,181
Understanding other minds: perspectives from autism
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-3492 · Cited by 1,651
Communication and cooperation in early infancy : A description of primary intersubjectivity
Trevarthen, C. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,284
Responses to the negative emotions of others by autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children.
Sigman, M. D., Kasari, C., Kwon, J., & Yirmiya, N. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01662.x · Cited by 980
Defining the social deficits of autism: the contribution of non-verbal communication measures
Mundy, P., Sigman, M., Ungerer, J., & Sherman, T. (1986) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x · Cited by 956
A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism
Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1991) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000043 · Cited by 784
Autism and the development of mind
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-5726 · Cited by 580
Kasari, C. L., Sigman, M., Mundy, P. C., & Yirmiya, N. (1990) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02206859 · Cited by 508
The importance of symbol-formation in the development of the ego.
Klein, M. I. (1930) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · Cited by 470
Joint attention and social-emotional approach behavior in children with autism
Mundy, P. (1995) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006349 · Cited by 415
Affective exchanges between young autistic children and their mothers
Dawson, G., Hill, D., Spencer, A., Galpert, L., & Watson, L. R. (1990) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00916569 · Cited by 359
Facial Expressions of Affect in Autistic, Mentally Retarded and Normal Children
Yirmiya, N., Kasari, C. L., Sigman, M., & Mundy, P. (1989) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x · Cited by 323
Sensorimotor functioning and communication in mute autistic children
Curcio, F. (1978) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01539631 · Cited by 316
Responses to the Negative Emotions of Others by Autistic, Mentally Retarded, and Normal Children
Sigman, M., Kasari, C. L., Kwon, J., & Yirmiya, N. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131234 · Cited by 309
The emotional origins of social understanding
Hobson, R. P. (1993) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089308573090 · Cited by 258
Self-citationRecognition and Expression of Emotional Cues by Autistic and Normal Adults
Macdonald, H., Rutter, M. L., Howlin, P., Rios, P., Conteur, A. L., Evered, C., & Folstein, S. E. (1989) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x · Cited by 253
The understanding and use of interpersonal gestures by autistic and Down's syndrome children
Attwood, A., Frith, U., & Hermelin, B. (1988) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02211950 · Cited by 242
Social initiations by autistic children to adults and other children
Hauck, M., FEIN, D. A., Waterhouse, L. H., & Feinstein, C. (1995) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02178189 · Cited by 240
Phillips, W., Baron‐Cohen, S., & Rutter, M. L. (1992) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000845 · Cited by 209
Expression of Emotion in Young Autistic Children
Snow, M. E., Hertzig, M. E., & Shapiro, T. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 · Cited by 158
Self-recognition in autistic children
Dawson, G., & McKissick, F. C. (1984) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02409829 · Cited by 149
Understanding persons; the role of affect
Hobson, P. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 149
Bösch, G. (1970) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87068-2 · Cited by 117
Peer interactions of autistic children and adolescents
Lord, C., & Magill‐Evans, J. (1995) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940000674x · Cited by 108
Volkmar, F. R., & Mayes, L. C. (1990) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000596 · Cited by 106
Hobson, R. P., & Lee, A. (1989) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02212860 · Cited by 101
Self-citationSelf‐recognition and stimulus preference in autistic children
Neuman, C. J., & Hill, S. D. (1978) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.420110606 · Cited by 99
The social behavior of autistic children with younger and same-age nonhandicapped peers
Lord, C., & Hopkins, J. (1986) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531658 · Cited by 95
Hobson, R. P. (1991) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00354.x · Cited by 86
Self-citationHobson, R. P. (1989) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000390 · Cited by 80
Self-citationNonverbal expression in autism of Asperger type
Tantam, D., Holmes, D., & Cordess, C. (1993) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01066422 · Cited by 70
Phillips, W., Gómez, J. C., Baron‐Cohen, S., Laá, V., & Rivière, Á. (1995) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01670.x · Cited by 67
Vocal Communication in Pre-verbal Normal and Autistic Children
Ricks, D. M. (1975) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-407-00007-0.50013-6 · Cited by 49
Face Perception: An Approach to the Study of Autism
Langdell, T. (2020) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 42
Characterizing the fundamental social handicap in autism.
Tantam, D. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 30
Intersubjectivity, joint attention, and autistic developmental pathology.
Mundy, P. C., & Hogan, A. (1994) · Cited by 18
Facilitating Peer-Directed Communication in Autistic Children and Adolescents
Lord, C., & Garfin, D. G. (1986) · Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders · doi:10.3109/asl2.1986.14.issue-1.03 · Cited by 9
The nature of social deficits in children with autism
Magill, J. (1987) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3zk55z0x · Cited by 6
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Alvarez, A. (1992). Live company. London: Tavistock/Routledge.
- Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L., & Whetton, C. (1982). British Picture Vocabulary Scale. Windsor, U.K.: NFER-Nelson.
- Gomez, J-C., Sarria, E., & Tamarit, J. (1993). The comparative study of early communication and theories of mind: Ontogeny, phylogeny, and pathology. In S. Baron-Cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg, & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Understanding other minds: Perspectives from autism (pp. 397–426). Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
- Lord, C., & Magill, J. (1989). Methodological and theoretical issues in studying peer-directed behavior and autism. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: Nature, diagnosis and treatment (pp. 326–345). New York: Guilford.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The social motivation theory of autism
Chevallier, C., Kohls, G., Troiani, V., Brodkin, E. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.02.007 · Cited by 2,072
Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1010738829569 · Cited by 1,563
Face processing occurs outside the fusiform ‘face area’ in autism: evidence from functional MRI
Pierce, K. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.10.2059 · Cited by 898
Embodiment and sense-making in autism
Jaegher, H. D. (2013) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00015 · Cited by 437
Pierce, K., Marinero, S., Hazin, R., McKenna, B. S., Barnes, C. C., & Malige, A. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.032 · Cited by 404
Metadata
- Authors
- Hobson, R. P., & Lee, A.
- Affiliations
- The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- ORCID
- Hobson, R. Peter
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 1998-04
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 117-127
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W1568877030
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University College London
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, social engagement, greetings, farewell, eye contact, nonverbal gestures, smiling, waves, intersubjectivity, social interaction, intellectual disability
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gestures, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Social Perception, Videotape Recording
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review