Cited by 179Health disparities and outcomesSocial Capital and NetworksResilience and Mental Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Social Distribution of Social Support: The Mediating Role of Life Events

Mickelson, Kristin D., Kubzansky, Laura D.·2003·American Journal of Community Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although the relation of socioeconomic status (SES) to social support has been discussed for some time, researchers have rarely systematically examined the social patterning of this resource. In addition, potential explanatory mechanisms have not been investigated. This study examined both the social distribution of social support and the role of life events in the association between SES and social support in a nationally representative probability sample of adults from the National Cormorbidity Survey. Higher education and income were related to more emotional support and fewer negative interactions. Individuals with higher incomes were also less likely to report acute and chronic life events. Finally, acute (but not chronic) life events mediated the relation between SES and social support (both emotional support and negative interactions). These results suggest the inability of lower SES individuals to mobilize social support in times of need may be explained by their more frequent experience of acute life events.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1023/b:ajcp.0000004747.99099.7e

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
The structure of coping
Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136319 · Cited by 7,791 · cited 1×
“For example, one alternative formulation is that social disadvantage influences social support or some other as yet unnamed mechanism, which then affects the impact or experience of life events ( Pearlin & Schooler, 1978; Ulbrich, Warheit, & Zimmerman, 1989).”
Background
Social Relationships and Health
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3399889 · Cited by 7,073
Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications.
Smith, M. D., & Hoyle, R. H. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2988418 · Cited by 6,875
Book Review: Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications
Rigdon, E. E., & Hoyle, R. H. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151904 · Cited by 4,088
Stress, Coping, and Social Support Processes: Where Are We? What Next?
Thoits, P. A. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2626957 · Cited by 3,496 · cited 3×
“Prior work has suggested that chronic but not acute events are consistently and inversely distributed by social status (McLeod & Kessler, 1990; Pearlin & Lieberman, 1978; Thoits, 1995; Turner et al., 1995).”
BackgroundInfluential
All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community.
Boswell, D., & Stack, C. Β. (1975) · Man · doi:10.2307/2801228 · Cited by 3,377
Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women.
Schnitzer, P. K., Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. (1980) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2065631 · Cited by 3,053
Social support: An interactional view.
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (1990) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 2,657

Show all 70 references

Research works printed but not linked: 10

Cutrona C. E., 1990, Social support: An interactional view, 319
Eckenrode J. & Wethington E. (1990). The process and outcome of mobilizing social support. In s.Duck & R. C. Silver (Eds.) Personal relationships and social support (pp. 83-103). London: Sage
10.1037/0022-3514.61.6.899 · DOI
Rust K., 1985, Variance estimation for complex estimators in sample surveys, Journal of Official Statistics, 1, 381
Sarason B. R., 1990, Social support: An interactional view, 9
10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<341::AID-JCOP2290100406>3.0.CO;2-J · DOI
Turner R. J., 1999, Handbook of the sociology of mental health, 301
1991, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1991: The National Data Book
1997, Current Population Reports: Poverty in the United States: 1996
1992, National Health Interview Survey, 1989 (Computer file)

Sorted by citations

Items 101–179 of 179

Considering poverty in the therapeutic process: experienced therapists’ adaptations
Borges, A. M., & Goodman, L. A. (2019) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2019.1589420 · Cited by 7
Defining Mental Disorders: Sociological Investigations into the Classification of Mental Disorders
Whooley, O. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.006 · Cited by 7
“I Don’t Know How We Would Make It”—Social Support in Rural Low-Income Families
Seiling, S. B., Manoogian, M. M., & Son, S. (2011) · International series on consumer science · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0382-1_9 · Cited by 7
Keeping “In Touch”: Demographic Patterns of Interpersonal Touch in Later Life
Upenieks, L., & Schafer, M. H. (2021) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027520986920 · Cited by 8
A Psychosocial Resource Impairment Model Explaining Partner Violence and Distress: Moderating Role of Income
Williams, S. L., & Mickelson, K. D. (2007) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-007-9120-5 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Stability of Differences in Weight-Related Characteristics of Mothers across Economic, Cultural, Social, and Environmental-Health Indicators of Socioeconomic Status
Quick, V., Eck, K., Delaney, C., Lewis, R., & Byrd‐Bredbenner, C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16203866 · Cited by 6
The Measurement of Mental Disorder
Wakefield, J. C., & Schmitz, M. F. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.005 · Cited by 7
Man shall not live by bread alone: the role of perceived emotional support in low-income adults’ health outcomes
Namkoong, K., Stanley, S. J., & Kim, J. (2019) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdz021 · Cited by 7
Trauma Recovery in Victims of Crime: The Role of Television Viewing Motives and Television Exposure
Minnebo, J., & Eggermont, S. (2011) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2011.595289 · Cited by 5
Impact of socioeconomic status on obesity in older adults: the suppressive effect of social support and sleep quality
Yang, X., Gao, X., Yang, S. C., Li, L., Xiong, Y., Zhou, X., Jiang, W., Sun, Q., Zhou, C., & Yang, L. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06089-z · Cited by 4
Perceived emotional support mediates the association between childhood family adversity and adolescent mental health in the UK millennium cohort
Adjei, N. K., Jonsson, K. R., Straatmann, V. S., Bellavia, A., Yaya, S., McGovern, R., Kaner, E., Wolfe, I., & Taylor-Robinson, D. C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-26853-w · Cited by 6
The Intrapsychic Psychological Binds of Poverty and Race: The Intersection of Mind and Milieu
Edwards, J. B. (2019) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2018.1562401 · Cited by 4
The dopamine hypothesis of social support
Lin, S., Chen, P. S., Yeh, T. L., & Yang, Y. K. (2011) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.030 · Cited by 4
Race and Mental Health
Williams, D. R., Costa, M., & Leavell, J. P. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.018 · Cited by 4
Work and Unemployment as Stressors
Limonic, L., & Lennon, M. C. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.015 · Cited by 4
Mental Health and Terrorism
Johnson, R. J., Hobfoll, S. E., & Beulaygue, I. C. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.022 · Cited by 5
Asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y calidad de vida con el apoyo social percibido en pacientes colombianos con cáncer
F., L., Acosta, L. L., Valdelamar, J. J., Valdelamar, A. A., & Sánchez, R. R. (2015) · Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana · doi:10.12804/apl33.03.2015.02 · Cited by 4
Cultural Diversity and Mental Health Treatment
Woo, B., Walton, E. C., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.029 · Cited by 4
Socioeconomic Inequities in Health
Heaney, C. A., & Hoppe, A. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781118993811.ch20 · Cited by 4
Sociological Approaches to Mental Illness
Thoits, P. A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.010 · Cited by 3
Online and offline social support deterioration: the effect of financial stress exposure on depressive symptoms
Meulenaere, J. D., Ponnet, K. S., Courtois, C., Walrave, M., Hardyns, W., & Pauwels, L. J. R. (2021) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1877355 · Cited by 4
What Outcomes Should the Study of Mental Health Try to Explain?
Schnittker, J. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.008 · Cited by 3
Social connectedness in the gated residential enclaves of Mumbai Suburban District: A case study approach
Bhattacharjee, S. (2023) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2023.2244018 · Cited by 3
The mechanisms underlying the negative effect of socioeconomic status on depressive symptoms among older adults: The roles of social support and living arrangement
Hu, F., Jing, Y., Qin, W., Han, W., Xu, L., & Li, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5991 · Cited by 3
Marital Status and Mental Health
Williams, K., Frech, A., & Carlson, D. L. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.020 · Cited by 3
Asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y calidad de vida con el apoyo social percibido en pacientes colombianos con cáncer
Vanegas, L. F. F. (2015) · Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana · doi:10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.3225 · Cited by 3
"If I Stay By Myself, I feel Safer": Dilemmas of Social Connectedness among Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities in Housing First
Stefančić, A. (2014) · doi:10.7916/d83b5xss · Cited by 3
The Mediating Effect of Social Support in the Relationship Between Economic Status and Subjective Well-Being Among The Elderly
손주희, & Lee, M. (2018) · Ewha Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.16935/ejss.2018.34.1.003 · Cited by 3
Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System
Hiday, V. A., & Ray, B. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.028 · Cited by 3
Mental Health in Cross-Cultural Context
Lefley, H. P. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.011 · Cited by 3
Epilogue: The Three Solitudes of the Sociology of Mental Health
Avison, W. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.034 · Cited by 2
Childhood depression and spirituality: Insights for spiritually sensitive child-centred social work interventions
Pandya, S. P. (2016) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2016.1222982 · Cited by 3
The HIV-Mental Health Challenge
Walkup, J. T., & Crystal, S. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.032 · Cited by 2
Religion in the Remaking of Rwanda after Genocide
Bazuin, J. T. (2013) · Cited by 2
More friends, less pain? Higher social support predicts estimation of less pain through impression and expected buffering effect
Ha, C., & Park, S. H. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07065-3 · Cited by 1
Socioeconomic inequalities in social support: Examining differences in social support network satisfaction and composition among pediatric cancer caregivers
Bouchard, E., Prince, M. A., McCarty, C., Collins, R. L., Sahler, O. J. Z., Vincent, P. C., Patel, H., LaValley, S. A., Krenz, T., Devonish, J. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2025.2483397 · Cited by 1
I Can Count on You: Patterns of Perceived Social Support and Their Associations with Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidality among Adolescents
Park, G., Jung, H., Kim, I., & Lee, D. (2025) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-025-10270-6 · Cited by 1
The Family Process Model: Predicting Youth Behavior Problems in Mexican American, African American, and European American Families
Barajas-Gonzalez, R. G. (2011) · doi:10.7916/d8vh5vtz · Cited by 1
The Context and Dynamic Social Processes Underlying Mental Health Treatment: Classic and Contemporary Approaches to Understanding Individuals' Responses to Illness in Light of the Affordable Care Act
Pescosolido, B. A., & Boyer, C. A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.025 · Cited by 1
Transition to Parenthood in the Twenty-First Century
Mickelson, K. D., & Marcussen, K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24155-0_1 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Psychologists' experiences working with clients in poverty: A qualitative descriptive study
Borges, A. M. (2014) · Cited by 1
Community Mental Health Care Organizations
Dobransky, K. M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.026 · Cited by 1
The Mental Health Consumers/Survivors Movement in the US
McLean, A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.031 · Cited by 1
Social Support in Trauma
O’Donnell, K., & Steptoe, A. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373947-6.00514-6 · Cited by 1
Environmental Factors, Life Events and Coping Abilities
Antonucci, T. C., & Jackson, J. S. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470669600.ch74 · Cited by 1
Apoio social e rede social às famílias de crianças com câncer
Pedro, I. C. D. S. (2008) · doi:10.11606/d.22.2008.tde-12032008-100430 · Cited by 1
Integrating Service Delivery Systems for Persons with Severe Mental Illness
Cuddeback, G. S., & MORRISSEY, J. P. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.027 · Cited by 1
Exercise without worries : prevention of stress and depressive symptoms in women from disadvantaged communities
van der Waerden, J. E. B. (2011) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20110908jw · Cited by 1
Sense of Community and Participant Engagement in a Group-based Parenting Intervention
Lesesne, C. A. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/1059881
Socioeconomic inequalities in health : exploring new psychosocial pathways in middle-aged and older people.
Klabbers-Gartsen, A. B. A. (2012) · doi:10.26481/dis.20120614ak
Leveraging Social Networks in Direct Services: Are Foundations Doing All They Can?
Smyth, K. F. (2011) · The Foundation Review · doi:10.4087/foundationreview-d-10-00021
AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SEXUAL RISK TAKING BEHAVIOURS IN ADOLESCENTS IN NORTHERN NOVA SCOTIA
Jensen, L. A. (2011) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Neighbors and Neighborhoods. The Effects of Proximity and Educational and Economic Status on Personal Networks in Argentina
Grande, P. D. (2014) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware)
A STRESS PROCESS APPROACH TO EXAMINING INTERRACIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND WELL-BEING
Burke, J. (2013) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Neighborhood effects in mental health and health behavior: Longitudinal analysis of social causation versus selective residential mobility
Airaksinen, J. (2016) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y calidad de vida con el apoyo social percibido en pacientes colombianos con cáncer Association Between Sociodemographic, Clinical Variables and Quality of Life with Social Support Perceived in Colombian Patients with Cancer Associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e qualidade de vida com o apoio social percebido em pacientes colombianos com cancro
Fontibón, L. F., Hernández, L. A., Valdelamar-Jiménez, J. R., Jiménez, A. V., & Sánchez, R. (2015)
Hope and Focus on Future as Protective Health Factors? A Moderation Analysis with Race and Income
McGarity‐Palmer, R. (2019) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University)
Theoretical Perspectives on Mental Health and Illness: Introduction to Part I
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.003
Preventing Adolescent Suicidal Behavior: Integrating Sociology and Public Health
Crosby, A. E., & Willis, L. A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.030
Exploring Psychological Therapists’ Experiences of Working With Clients Who Perceive Themselves as Living in Poverty: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Ballo, E. (2020) · UEL Research Repository (University of East London) · doi:10.15123/uel.88814
Mental Health Policy in the United States: Critical Reflection and Future Directions for Sociological Research
Watson, D. P., Adams, E. L., & Jackson, J. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.033
The Social Context of Mental Health and Illness: Introduction to Part II
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.012
Mental Health Systems and Policy: Introduction to Part III
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.023
Biological Approaches to Psychiatric Disorders: A Sociological Approach
Schwartz, S., & Corcoran, C. M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.009
Preface
(2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.001
Foreword
Mechanic, D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.002
References
(2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.035
The mediating effect of social support on the association between socioeconomic status and oral health among the migrant elderly following children in Weifang, China: a cross-sectional studyPreprint
Pang, M., Wang, J., Tian, T., Zhao, J., Jiang, X., Li, H., & Kong, F. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1601189/v1
Mental Health Crisis 911 Calls, Resources, and InequalityPreprint
Frankham, E. (2019) · SocArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/dxqhp
A longitudinal study of positive mental health and coping among Indigenous adults with type 2 diabetes
Sittner, K. J., Herman, K. A., Gonzalez, M. B., & Walls, M. L. (2022) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2022.2076082 · Cited by 4
The Effect of Targets’ Socioeconomic Status on Estimating Targets’ Pain: Mediation Effect of Perceived Skin Tone Moderated by a ‘Darker-is-stronger’ Color Stereotype
Ha, C. H., & Park, S. H. (2023) · Journal of Social Science · doi:10.16881/jss.2023.01.34.1.225
Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 34, No. 4 (December 2007)
(2007) · The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare · doi:10.15453/0191-5096.3291
Предикторы инвестирования в капитал здоровья старшего поколения
Рождественская, Е. М., Маланина, В. А., Клемашева, Е. И., & Барышева, Г. А. (2023) · The Journal of Social Policy Studies · doi:10.17323/727-0634-2023-21-4-647-660
Lacking family ties during COVID‐19: A longitudinal, small‐scale qualitative analysis of fictive kin in older adulthood
Vleet, B. V., Fuller, H. R., Kinkade, E., & Huseth‐Zosel, A. L. (2024) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12538
Counsellor considerations for providing helpful therapy practices for clients living with low income
Rego, S., Lengyell, M., Finnigan, C., Jay, M., & Brown, J. D. (2024) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12863
How dormant ties are reactivated through social media during major life events
Zhao, Y., Bai, W., Qiao, T., & Wang, W. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108746
Is Positive Reframing an Adaptive Coping Strategy? Coping as a Moderator of Stress in Middle‐Income Families During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Rubez, D., Obeid, R., & Short, E. J. (2025) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.70027
Relationship quality & longevity: Do support & strain from friends, families, & intimate partners predict lifespan?
Vangelov, K., Dobson, E., & Graham, C. L. (2025) · Behavioral Science & Policy · doi:10.1177/23794607251388787
Social support mediates the effect of gender role nonconformity on sexual dysfunction
Irvin, M., Sparpana, A., Sullivan, E. F., Parincu, Z., Arnold, M. S., Evans, K. T., Tural, Ü., Collins, K. A., Hoptman, M. J., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2026) · Sexual Health · doi:10.1071/sh26004

Authors: Mickelson, K. D., & Kubzansky, L. D.
Affiliations: Kent State University (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Mickelson, Kristin D.
ORCID: Mickelson, Kristin D.
Kubzansky, Laura D.
Venue: American Journal of Community Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-12
Volume: 32
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 265-281
ISSN: 0091-0562 (ISSN-L)
1573-2770
DOI: 10.1023/b:ajcp.0000004747.99099.7e
OpenAlex: W1985846875
Cited by: 179
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 2.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Community Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r03mh059767-01)
National Institute of Mental Health (R03-MH59767)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Keywords: social support, socioeconomic status, life events, mediation, emotional support, negative social interactions, income
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Family, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Rural Population, Sampling Studies, Social Class, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Urban Population, Linear Models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Social Distribution of Social Support: The Mediating Role of Life Events

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks