Stress, Coping, and Social Support Processes: Where Are We? What Next?

Thoits, Peggy A.

doi:10.2307/2626957

Cited by 3,496Resilience and Mental HealthAttachment and Relationship DynamicsHealth disparities and outcomes

Stress, Coping, and Social Support Processes: Where Are We? What Next?

Thoits, Peggy A.·1995·Journal of Health and Social Behavior

DOI 10.2307/2626957

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Abstract

I review existing knowledge, unanswered questions, and new directions in research on stress, coping resource, coping strategies, and social support processes. New directions in research on stressors include examining the differing impacts of stress across a range of physical and mental health outcomes, the "carry-overs" of stress from one role domain or stage of life into another, the benefits derived from negative experiences, and the determinants of the meaning of stressors. Although a sense of personal control and perceived social support influence health and mental health both directly and as stress buffers, the theoretical mechanisms through which they do so still require elaboration and testing. New work suggests that coping flexibility and structural constraints on individuals' coping efforts may be important to pursue. Promising new directions in social support research include studies of the negative effects of social relationships and of support giving, mutual coping and support-giving dynamics, optimal "matches" between individuals' needs and support received, and properties of groups which can provide a sense of social support. Qualitative comparative analysis, optimal matching analysis, and event-structure analysis are new techniques which may help advance research in these broad topic areas. To enhance the effectiveness of coping and social support interventions, intervening mechanisms need to be better understood. Nevertheless, the policy implications of stress research are clear and are important given current interest in health care reform in the United States.

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Stress-coping theory posits that availability of coping resources facilitates use of adaptive coping strategies and increases efficacy of coping strategies.
“The stress-coping theory posits that the availability of coping resources would facilitate the use of adaptive coping strategies to deal with stressors and increase the efficacy of coping strategies [21,22].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
The results generally support the stress-coping theory that coping resources would facilitate effective coping and moderate the relationship of stressors, coping, and health outcomes.
“Therefore, the results generally support the stress-coping theory that coping resources would facilitate effective coping and moderate the relationship of stressors, coping, and health outcomes [21,22].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
This could improve social interactions as quality social relationships are an important protective factor against mental disorders.
“This could improve social interactions as quality social relationships are an important protective factor against mental disorders (76).”
From Behavioral Intervention Technologies: Evidence review and recommendations for future research in mental health (2013) · cites this paper as [76]

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From social integration to health: durkheim in the new millennium
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Performance Productivity and Quality of Frontline Employees in Service Organizations
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Coping as a Communal Process
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Toward a neighborhood resource-based theory of social capital for health: Can Bourdieu and sociology help?
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Social Support and Depressed Mood: A Structural Analysis
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Inventorying stressful life events as risk factors for psychopathology: Toward resolution of the problem of intracategory variability.
Dohrenwend, B. P. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.477 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
The Role of Adversity and Stress in Psychopathology: Some Evidence and Its Implications for Theory and Research
Dohrenwend, B. P. (2000) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2676357 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Communicating Social Support
Goldsmith, D. J. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606984 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Stress, depression, and anhedonia: caveats concerning animal models
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“Social Support: A Review”
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Approaching Health Disparities From a Population Perspective: The National Institutes of Health Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities
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A meta-analysis of work–family conflict and social support.
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Solidarity, conflict, and ambivalence: Complementary or competing perspectives on intergenerational relationships?
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Caring for a relative with dementia: family caregiver burden
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Enduring Stigma: The Long-Term Effects of Incarceration on Health∗
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Immigrant Generation, Assimilation, and Adolescent Psychological Well-Being
Tillman, K. H. (2001) · Social Forces · doi:10.1353/sof.2001.0010 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Interpersonal Flourishing: A Positive Health Agenda for the New Millennium
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Changing Medical Organization and the Erosion of Trust
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Mortality after the Hospitalization of a Spouse
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Social cohesion, social support, and health among Latinos in the United States
Mulvaney‐Day, N., Alegria, M. M., & Sribney, W. M. (2006) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.030 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Gender and health: reassessing patterns and explanations
McDonough, P., & Walters, V. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00159-3 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Incarceration and Health
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Academic Stress Among College Students: Comparison of American and International Students.
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Linkages Between the Work-family Interface and Work, Family, and Individual Outcomes
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Understanding Why Patients Of Low Socioeconomic Status Prefer Hospitals Over Ambulatory Care
Kangovi, S., Barg, F. K., Carter, T., Long, J. A., Shannon, R., & Grande, D. (2013) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0825 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Incarceration as Exposure: The Prison, Infectious Disease, and Other Stress-Related Illnesses
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Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: differences between males and females
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Striking a Balance in Boundary-Spanning Positions: An Investigation of Some Unconventional Influences of Role Stressors and Job Characteristics on Job Outcomes of Salespeople
Singh, J. (1998) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224299806200305 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Good news! Capitalizing on positive events in an interpersonal context
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Communicating social support
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Conflicts in the Work–Family Interface: Links to Job Stress, Customer Service Employee Performance, and Customer Purchase Intent
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Emerging issues in research on lesbians' and gay men's mental health: Does sexual orientation really matter?
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Stress, Life Events, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Health: Results from the Americans' Changing Lives Study
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Going to the heart of the matter
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Measuring Social Isolation Among Older Adults Using Multiple Indicators From the NSHAP Study
Cornwell, E. Y., & Waite, L. J. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp037 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Gender and coping: the parents of children with high functioning autism
Gray, D. E. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00059-x · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status and Depression over the Life Course
Miech, R. A., & Shanahan, M. J. (2000) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2676303 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Role of Religion in the Lives of Latino Families of Young Children With Developmental Delays
Skinner, D., Correa, V. I., Skinner, M. L., & Bailey, D. B. (2001) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Toward some fundamentals of fundamental causality: socioeconomic status and health in the routine clinic visit for diabetes
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Pursuit of Comfort and Pursuit of Harmony: Culture, Relationships, and Social Support Seeking
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Language acquisition, unemployment and depressive disorder among Southeast Asian refugees: a 10-year study
Beiser, M., & Hou, F. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00412-3 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Gender and Health Inequality
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Dispositional and contextual perspectives on coping: Toward an integrative framework
Moos, R. H., & Holahan, C. J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10229 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Social isolation, support, and capital and nutritional risk in an older sample: ethnic and gender differences
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Individual responses to firm failure: Appraisals, grief, and the influence of prior failure experience
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Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality.
Keller, A., Litzelman, K., Wisk, L. E., Maddox, T., Cheng, E. R., Creswell, P. D., & Witt, W. P. (2012) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026743 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Gender matters: an integrated model for understanding men's and women's health
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Resilience: Enhancing well-being through the positive cognitive triad.
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COERCION, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND CRIME: AN EMERGING THEORETICAL CONSENSUS*
Colvin, M., Cullen, F. T., & Ven, T. V. (2002) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00948.x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Interpersonal emotion regulation: Implications for affiliation, perceived support, relationships, and well-being.
Williams, W. C., Morelli, S. A., Ong, D. C., & Zaki, J. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000132 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Space Meets Time: Integrating Temporal and Contextual Influences on Mental Health in Early Adulthood
Wheaton, B., & Clarke, P. J. (2003) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/1519758 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Negative Life Events and Depression in Elderly Persons: A Meta-Analysis
Kraaij, V., Arensman, E., & Spinhoven, P. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/57.1.p87 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Unfair Treatment, Neighborhood Effects, and Mental Health in the Detroit Metropolitan Area
Schulz, A. J., Williams, D. R., Israel, B. A., Becker, A., Parker, E. A., James, S. A., & Jackson, J. S. (2000) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2676323 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Resisting the Stigma of Mental Illness
Thoits, P. A. (2011) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272511398019 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citation
Health in household context: Living arrangements and health in late middle age
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Authors: Thoits, P. A.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author: Thoits, Peggy A.
ORCID: Thoits, Peggy A.
Venue: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1995
Volume: 35
Pages: 53
ISSN: 0022-1465 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/2626957
OpenAlex: W2081745157
Cited by: 3,496
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 70 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 145 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 178 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 159 · 2013: 164 · 2012: 156
FWCI: 34.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Health and Social Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords: stress, coping strategies, social support, stressors, coping flexibility, personal control, perceived social support, stress buffering, negative experiences, interpersonal relationships, group support, coping interventions, health care reform
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Health Status, Humans, Public Policy, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Sociology, Medical, Stress, Psychological

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