The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
On the Morality of Artificial Agents
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In the citing paper
“Because robot speech may lead users to attribute robots with intelligence [6, 14], social agency [28], moral agency [16, 52, 57], and the uniquely potent combination of these factors [27]”
From Robots for Social Justice (R4SJ): Toward a More Equitable Practice of Human-Robot Interaction (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“The use of AI for managerial tasks implies that machines are no longer simple artifacts, but a new class of agents in organizations (Floridi & Sanders, 2004).”
From Artificial Intelligence and Management: The Automation–Augmentation Paradox (2021) · cites this paper as Floridi & Sanders, 2004
In the citing paper
“The explanation of the behavior of an algorithmic system has not only different meanings but also different levels of abstraction to which it can refer (Floridi & Sanders 2004).”
From Transparency as design publicity: explaining and justifying inscrutable algorithms (2021) · cites this paper as Floridi & Sanders 2004
Citations
Cites
Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-0936 · Cited by 49,178
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Kumar, D. A., Balasubramanian, S., Byeon, D. H., & Manerkar, P. G. V. (1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-1577 · Cited by 22,191
Goldberg, D. E., & Shakespeare, W. (2002) · Cited by 16,088
I.—COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE
TURING, A. M. (1950) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/lix.236.433 · Cited by 10,290
Goldberg, D. E. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,109
Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950)
Turing, A. M. (2004) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198250791.003.0017 · Cited by 6,120
Motwani, R., & Raghavan, P. (1995) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511814075 · Cited by 5,098
Is It an agent, or just a program?: A taxonomy for autonomous agents
Franklin, S., & Graesser, A. (1997) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/bfb0013570 · Cited by 2,286
Information ethics: On the philosophical foundation of computer ethics
Floridi, L. (1999) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1023/a:1010018611096 · Cited by 453
Self-citationArnold, A., & Plaice, J. (1994) · Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd. eBooks · Cited by 433
Substance and Function and Einstein's Theory of Relativity.
Smart, H. R., Cassirer, E., Swabey, W. C., & Swabey, M. C. (1924) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2179226 · Cited by 336
Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent
Allen, C., Varner, G., & Zinser, J. (2000) · Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1080/09528130050111428 · Cited by 326
On the intrinsic value of information objects and the infosphere
Floridi, L. (2002) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1023/a:1021342422699 · Cited by 231
Self-citationFinite transition systems: semantics of communicating systems
Arnold, A., & Plaice, J. (1994) · Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd. eBooks · Cited by 218
Artificial evil and the foundation of computer ethics
Floridi, L., & Sanders, J. W. (2001) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1023/a:1011440125207 · Cited by 135
Self-citationArtificial morality: virtuous robots for virtual games
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-5636 · Cited by 125
Floridi, L., & The Society for Philosophy in the Contemporary World (2002) · Philosophy in the Contemporary World · doi:10.5840/pcw2002915 · Cited by 113
Self-citationInformation Ethics On The Philosophical Foundation of Computer EthicsPreprint
Floridi, L. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3844352 · Cited by 107
Self-citationGips, J. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511978036.019 · Cited by 87
Internet Ethics: the Constructionist Values of Homo Poieticus
Floridi, L., & Sanders, J. W. (2003) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 85
Self-citationThe Status and Future of the Turing Test
Moor, J. H. (2001) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1023/a:1011218925467 · Cited by 70
Moor, J. H. (2003) · Studies in cognitive systems · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0105-2 · Cited by 61
Compiling occam into Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
Page, I. (2001) · Cited by 57
Floridi, L., & Magazine, T. T. P. (2001) · The Philosophers Magazine · doi:10.5840/tpm20011647 · Cited by 51
Self-citationEpstein, R. G., & Melamed, M. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.18130/ey39-2c58 · Cited by 42
The environmental crisis: understanding the value of nature
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-3294 · Cited by 29
Information Ethics - An Environmental Approach to the Digital DividePreprint
Floridi, L. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3848486 · Cited by 28
Self-citationRowlands, M. (2000) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230286269 · Cited by 26
The Method of AbstractionPreprint
Floridi, L., & Sanders, J. W. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3920316 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 33 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Bedau, M.A. (1996) 'The Nature of Life', in M.A. Boden, ed., The Philosophy of Life, Oxford University Press, pp. 332–357.
- Dennet, D. (1997), When HAL Kills, Who's to Blame?' in D. Stork, ed., HAL's Legacy: 2001's Computer as Dream and Reality, Cambridge MA: MIT Press, pp. 351–365.
- Dixon, B.A. (1995), 'Response: Evil and the Moral Agency of Animals', Between the Species 11(1-2), pp. 38–40.
- Kerr, P. (1996), The Grid, New York: Warner Books.
- Michie, D. (1961), 'Trial and Error', in A. Garratt, ed., Penguin Science Surveys, Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 129–145.
- Mitchell, T.M. (1997), Machine Learning, McGraw Hill.
- Rosenfeld, R. (1995a), 'Can Animals Be Evil?: Kekes' Character-Morality, the Hard Reaction to Evil, and Animals, Between the Species 11(1-2), pp. 33–38.
- Rosenfeld, R. (1995b), 'Reply', Between the Species 11(1-2), pp. 40–41.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate
Mittelstadt, B. D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S., & Floridi, L. (2016) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951716679679 · Cited by 4,567
“Requirements for moral agency may differ between humans and algorithms; Floridi and Sanders (2004b) and Sullins (2006) argue, for instance, that ‘machine agency’ requires significant autonomy, interactive behaviour, and a role with causal accountability, to be distinguished from moral responsibility,…”
Self-citationArtificial Intelligence and Management: The Automation–Augmentation Paradox
Raisch, S., & Krakowski, S. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0072 · Cited by 2,755
Floridi, L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04093-6 · Cited by 823
Self-citationTransparency and the black box problem: why we do not trust AI
von Eschenbach, W. J. (2021) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-021-00477-0 · Cited by 786
Causes and consequences of mind perception
Waytz, A., Gray, K., Epley, N., & Wegner, D. M. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.006 · Cited by 759
Metadata
- Authors
- Floridi, L., & Sanders, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- ORCID
- Floridi, Luciano
- Venue
- Minds and Machines
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 349-379
- ISSN
- 0924-6495 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-8641
- OpenAlex
- W2094251476
- Cited by
- 1,218
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 147 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 140 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 128 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 45.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Minds and Machines (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Law › Literary and Philosophical Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- artificial agents, moral agency, moral patients, computer ethics, levels of abstraction, autonomy, interactivity, adaptability, moral responsibility, free will, digital systems, cyberspace
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