Cited by 237Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

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Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)

Hupfeld, Jörg, Ruffieux, Nicole·2011·Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie

DOI 10.1026/1616-3443/a000088

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Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Self-Compassion bezeichnet eine positive Grundeinstellung gegenüber der eigenen Person in schwierigen Lebenssituationen. Dieses Persönlichkeitsmerkmal hat sich als wirksamer Schutzfaktor erwiesen, der die emotionale Resilienz fördert. In letzter Zeit wurden Therapieansätze entwickelt, in denen die Förderung von Self-Compassion eine zentrale Rolle einnimmt. Fragestellung: Wie gut sind die Gütekriterien der deutschen Übersetzung der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)? Methode: Die 26-Item Skala wurde ins Deutsche übersetzt. An zwei Stichproben (396 und 165 Personen) wurden die dimensionale Struktur, Reliabilität und Validität der Skala überprüft. Ergebnisse: In Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen zur Originalfassung zeigten sich für die SCS-D eine sechsfaktorielle Struktur und erwartungsgemäße Zusammenhänge mit psychischer Belastung und subjektivem Wohlbefinden. Schlussfolgerung: Mit der deutschen Übersetzung der SCS liegt ein Inventar vor, mit dem Self-Compassion ökonomisch, reliabel und valide erfasst werden kann.

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Dichotomy or Unity? Rethinking the Factorial Structure of the German Self-Compassion Scale for Children and Adolescents
Uslu, B., Busching, R., & Warschburger, P. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02698-2 · Cited by 3
“Both Hupfeld and Ruffieux (2011) and Gruber and colleagues (2023) found a six-factor solution for the SCS, thus replicating the original results reported by Neff (2003a).”
Influential
Mindfulness-based interventions and student wellbeing: can digital group meetings enhance app-based training?
Zinke, N., Ritz, A., & Bunzeck, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1613894 · Cited by 5
Effects of a brief online self-compassion training on perfectionism, self-criticism, and social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial
Borgdorf, K. S. A., Aguilar‐Raab, C., & Holt, D. V. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100870 · Cited by 4
“Self-compassion was measured with the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011).”
"Can I please postpone my dentist appointment?" - Exploring a new area of procrastination
Rapoport, O., Möcklinghoff, S., Merz, S., & Neidhardt, E. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04598-x · Cited by 5
“To assess participants’ levels of self-compassion, the German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003b; translated and validated by Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) was used.”
Differences in predicting athletic burnout and in moderating its relationship with life satisfaction in competitive and leisure athletes
Grebner, K., Michel‐Kröhler, A., Werner, T., Berti, S., & Wessa, M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74908-1 · Cited by 8
“The German version of the short version of the Self-Compassion Scale 41 (SCS-D-short version) was used to assess a participant’s positive attitude towards itself when things go badly.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Effectiveness of work-related humour trainings: humour use, humour styles and well-being
Korock, L., Ullmann, E., & Scheel, T. (2025) · Human Resource Development International · doi:10.1080/13678868.2025.2535292 · Cited by 4
“Assessed with 12 items (SCS-SF, Raes et al., 2011; German:; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), positive self-compassion (e.g., ‘I try to see my failings as part of the human condition.’) and negative self-compassion (e.g., ‘I am disapproving and judge-mental about my own flaws and inadequacies.’)”
Emotion Regulation Partly Mediates the Link Between Self-Compassion and Well-Being in Daily Life: Differences Between Overall, Positive, and Negative Self-Compassion
Mey, L. K., Morello, K., Wenzel, M., Rowland, Z., Kubiak, T., & Tuescher, O. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02672-y · Cited by 4
“Despite the significant correlations observed between our scale and the validated trait version of the SCS (Neff, 2003a), our scale may have inadvertently captured a broader notion of self-warmth or self-acceptance.”
Influential
Messmethoden der Verhaltensmedizin
Marca, R. L. (2015) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48035-9_4 · Cited by 3
The Role of Self-Compassion in the General Health and Academic Achievement of the Nursing and Midwifery Students in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2014
Ajam, A., Farzanfar, J., Abdi, A., & Hossein, S. F. (2016) · Āmūzish-i parastārī/Āmūzish-i parastārī · doi:10.21859/jne-05052 · Cited by 3
Validación del instrumento Self-Compassion Scale para valoración de la autocompasión en estudiantes y médicos en Chile
Villalón, F., Escaffi‐Schwarz, M., & Correa-Matus, E. (2023) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872023000200160 · Cited by 3
“Por la dificultad de replicar el modelo, se han propuesto modelos de un factor general 16,17 , dos 20,21 , tres 20 , o seis factores 2,15,18,20 .”
Background
Validation of a German Translation of the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales and Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales in a General Population Sample
Brophy, K., Emery, M., MacDonald, C., Bigelow, A., Ernst, J., Graser, J., Lyons, N., & Körner, A. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02545-4 · Cited by 5
“This study used a validated German translation (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), scored using a two-factor model (Coroiu et al., 2018).”
Effects of a mindfulness intervention on emotion differentiation and heart rate variability
Guendelman, S., Lutz, M., Koenig, J., Bayer, M., & Dziobek, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1515334 · Cited by 3
“Self-compassion was measured with the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003) in its German version (Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011).”
Coping with long-COVID stigma: The role of self-compassion and self-coldness
Shani, M., & Wübbelt, K. (2025) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/20551029251349409 · Cited by 2
Combining social media literacy with self-compassion: Testing the SoSelf mHealth training
Buehler, M. R., Kolar, D. R., Ertl, S., Mata, J., & Jens Blechert, A. (2026) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2026.102041 · Cited by 2
Predicting Model of Conflict Resolution Styles Based on Differentiated Dimensions and Cognitive Flexibility with the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion of Couples
Nik, A. H., Heidari, H., Davoodi, H., & Jafari, A. (2021) · Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences · doi:10.52547/rbs.19.1.13 · Cited by 2
Psychophysiological stress response after a 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion training in psychiatric rehabilitation inpatients: a randomized post-test only study
Andorfer, A., Kraler, S., Kaufmann, P., Pollheimer, E., Spah, C., Fuchshuber, J., Rominger, C., Traunmüller, C., Schwerdtfeger, A. R., & Unterrainer, . (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098122 · Cited by 2
“Secondary outcomes included the Self-Compassion Scale [SCS-D; (93, 94)] which assesses Self-Compassion via 26 items on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = almost never to 5 = almost always).”
Method
Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in International Contexts
Strohmaier, S., Eileen Luders, A., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89738-3_18-1 · Cited by 2
The association of perceived ethnic discrimination and institutional verbal violence with chronic stress in an immigrant sample: The role of protective factors - results from the VIOLIN study
Hauck, F., Borho, A., Gibu, L. R., Atal, M. R., Dederer, S., Bendel, P., Morawa, E., Erim, Y., Jansen, S., & Rohleder, N. (2024) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100260 · Cited by 2
“The questionnaire was used in its English original form, in the German version by Hupfeld and Ruffieux (Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011), as well as in the Spanish version by Garcia-Campayo et al. (Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014).”
Method
Scham und Mitgefühl: Potenzielle Wirkmechanismen bei Mobbing und depressiver Symptomatik
Martin, F., Holtmann, M. H., & Legenbauer, T. (2019) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2019.68.7.639 · Cited by 5
Emotional evaluations of pictures of female and male soccer players
Schroter, F. A., Hofmann, P., & Jansen, P. (2021) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2021.1979077 · Cited by 1
“Self-compassion scale (SCS; Neff, 2003a; German version: Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) The SCS is comprised of 26 items, which are rated on a 5-point Likert scale.”
Background
The effect of a one-time mindfulness intervention on body and mind in healthy adolescents using multimodal measurements
Ecker, A., Fritsch, C., Schleicher, D., Jacob, R., Kandsperger, S., Brunner, R. M., & Jarvers, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1503379 · Cited by 3
Explicit and implicit affective attitudes of female athletes towards different body sizes
Jansen, P., Haugg, J., & Schroter, F. A. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02567-6 · Cited by 1
Temporal dynamics of CBT emotion regulation training in patients with major depression using ecological momentary assessment
Laicher, H., Int-Veen, I., Woloszyn, L., Wiegand, A., Kroczek, A., Sippel, D., Lawyer, G., Torka, F., Nieratschker, V., Rubel, J. A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16344-3 · Cited by 2
Effects of a Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention on Emotion Regulation in Psychiatric Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Andorfer, A., Hiebler, M., Senra, H., Peter, J., Kraler, S., Kaufmann, P., Pollheimer, E., Spah, C., Kresse, A., Kapfhammer, H., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000548902 · Cited by 2
“The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) [23, 24] assesses self-compassion using 26 items rated on a five-point Likert scale (1 = almost never to 5 = almost always ).”
Digital Training for Mental Health Promotion in Young People With Climate Change-Related Distress: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Fleck, L., Wasmus, H., Schirmbeck, F. N., de Freitas, C., Teixeira, R., Sanna, L., de Graaff, A. M., Allegri, M. D., Nguyen, H. T., Boehnke, J. R., et al. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/77764 · Cited by 1
“Self-compassion is measured using the Self-Compassion Scale with 26 items using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1-5 [64,65].”
Efficacy of an emotion-oriented cognitive behavior therapy for delusions (CBTd-E) compared to waitlist in a single-blinded randomized-controlled trial
Mehl, S., Hautmann, C., Schlier, B., Dorn, L. M.-L., Ludwig, L., Teismann, T., Franz, M., Rief, W., Stark, R. M., & Lincoln, T. M. (2026) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-026-00737-y · Cited by 1
“In our sample, internal consistency was also good (Cronbach ’ s alpha = 0.90) We used the Self-Compassion Scale sum score (SCS , German version 82 ) to assess self-compassion and self-kindness.”
Influential
Investigating the Moderating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Resilience to Stress and Drug Craving in Drug-Dependent Men
Rahmati, Z., Khodabakhshi‐Koolaee, A., & Jahangiri, M. M. (2021) · فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی اعتیادپژوهی · doi:10.52547/etiadpajohi.15.60.253 · Cited by 1
„Was braucht ihr, damit ihr gern zur Schule kommt?“ Achtsamkeitsbasierte Bildung in Schulen fördert Gesundheit, partizipative Beziehungs- und Kulturgestaltung sowie Demokratiefähigkeit
Altner, N., & Adler, B. (2022) · Gruppe Interaktion Organisation Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO) · doi:10.1007/s11612-022-00648-3 · Cited by 1
Effectiveness of ACT Enriched with Compassion in Increasing Resilience and Self-efficacy of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Abedini, M., Latifi, Z., & Soltanizadeh, M. (2020) · Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences · doi:10.52547/rbs.18.3.310 · Cited by 1
Samosuosjećanje – konceptualizacija, operacionalizacija i pregled istraživanja
Gačal, H., & Mihić, J. (2023) · Psihologijske teme · doi:10.31820/pt.32.2.2 · Cited by 1
Achtsamkeit und pädagogische Professionalität in der Lehrer*innenbildung
Weghaupt, D. (2024) · Achtsamkeit - Bildung - Medien · doi:10.1515/9783839470022 · Cited by 3
Translation and Validation Study of the Korean Self-Compassion Scale
Chae, S. W., Cheon, J. E., Latner, J. D., & Kim, Y.-H. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02453-z · Cited by 1
“On the other hand, results from Italian (Petrocchi et al., 2014), German (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), Portuguese (Costa et al., 2015), and Dutch (López et al., 2015) versions of the SCS suggested that a single higher-order factor may not be the optimal method of examining the overarching construct…”
Interventions to modify the habituation of biological responses to repeated stress in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial
Janson, J., & Rohleder, N. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08620-w · Cited by 1
'You can't hate yourself thin' Obesity recovery and self-compassion
Ottley, K. (2019) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Die Bewältigung von Bedrohung, Angst und Stress : Achtsamkeit, Akzeptanz und Erlebensvermeidung als Copingstrategien
Knodt, J. (2019) · doi:10.20378/irb-46746 · Cited by 1
Qi-Gong-basierte kurze Achtsamkeitsintervention am Arbeitsplatz – Effekte auf Ressourcen und Gesundheit
Ladinig, B. (2021) · Gruppe Interaktion Organisation Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO) · doi:10.1007/s11612-021-00549-x
Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escalas de Autocompasión (EAC) en una muestra de profesionales de la salud mental en Argentina
Argentina, P. U. C., de Behrends, M. R., Argentina, U. A., Eidman, L., Argentina, U. D. C. E. Y. S., Argentina, U. N. D. C. A., Mántaras, F., & Argentina, P. U. C. (2021) · Revista de Psicología · doi:10.46553/rpsi.17.34.2021.p21-34
Literatur
(2020) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666404986.233
Selbstmitgefühl mediiert den Zusammenhang zwischen dysfunktionalen Persönlichkeitsstilen und der mentalen Gesundheit depressiver Patient_innen
Reichl, D., Schlaf, K. N., Wickles, J., & Steins‐Loeber, S. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000649
Achtsamkeit und Metta im Kontext von Traumafolgestörungen
Kümmerle, S. (2022) · Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) · doi:10.21248/gups.71718
The Perceived Stress Scale 2&2: A Two-Factorial German Short Version of the Perceived Stress ScalePreprint
Schäfer, S. K., von Boros, L., Göritz, A. S., Baumann, S., Wessa, M., Tüscher, O., Lieb, K., & Möhring, A. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/829vz
Autocompaixão em Estudantes Universitários: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura
Pereira, M. D., & da Silva, J. P. (2023) · Psico-USF · doi:10.1590/1413-82712023280304 · Cited by 1
“Cabe aqui ressaltar, que este instrumento foi adaptado para alguns idiomas [Alemão (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011); chinês (Chen & Zhou, 2011); francês (Kotsou & Leys, 2016); e japonês (Arimitsu, 2014)] e foram conduzidos estudos de evidências de validade (Deniz et al., 2008; Galiana et al., 2022;…”
Background
Routine Outcome Monitoring zur Qualitätssicherung in der Traumatherapie
Kleim, B., Böttche, M., Müller‐Engelmann, M., Lampe, A., Jatzko, A., Dietiker, L., & Preschl, B. (2023) · Trauma und Gewalt · doi:10.21706/tg-17-4-276
Longitudinal Effects of Resilience on Well-Being and Mental Health During Perimenopause - Results from the Swiss Perimenopause StudyPreprint
Piraccini, M. C., Grub, J., Süss, H., Willi, J., Flach, L., & Ehlert, U. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4631301

Authors: Hupfeld, J., & Ruffieux, N.
Affiliations: University of Bern (CH)
Venue: Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Published: 2011-04
Volume: 40
Issue: 2
Pages: 115-123
ISSN: 1616-3443 (ISSN-L)
2190-6297
DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000088
OpenAlex: W1984218279
Cited by: 237
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.07
Type: journal article
Language: de
Open access: closed
Locations: Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie (publishedVersion)
BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, German translation, psychometric validation, factor structure, reliability statistics, psychological distress, subjective well-being, psychological resilience

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Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)

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