Cited by 237Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)

Hupfeld, Jörg, Ruffieux, Nicole·2011·Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie

DOI 10.1026/1616-3443/a000088

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Self-Compassion bezeichnet eine positive Grundeinstellung gegenüber der eigenen Person in schwierigen Lebenssituationen. Dieses Persönlichkeitsmerkmal hat sich als wirksamer Schutzfaktor erwiesen, der die emotionale Resilienz fördert. In letzter Zeit wurden Therapieansätze entwickelt, in denen die Förderung von Self-Compassion eine zentrale Rolle einnimmt. Fragestellung: Wie gut sind die Gütekriterien der deutschen Übersetzung der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)? Methode: Die 26-Item Skala wurde ins Deutsche übersetzt. An zwei Stichproben (396 und 165 Personen) wurden die dimensionale Struktur, Reliabilität und Validität der Skala überprüft. Ergebnisse: In Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen zur Originalfassung zeigten sich für die SCS-D eine sechsfaktorielle Struktur und erwartungsgemäße Zusammenhänge mit psychischer Belastung und subjektivem Wohlbefinden. Schlussfolgerung: Mit der deutschen Übersetzung der SCS liegt ein Inventar vor, mit dem Self-Compassion ökonomisch, reliabel und valide erfasst werden kann.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1026/1616-3443/a000088

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Untitled work
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448
Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?
Bonanno, G. A. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20 · Cited by 6,851
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436
Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself
NEFF, K. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309032 · Cited by 5,440
A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02296192 · Cited by 5,282
The dimensions of perfectionism
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172967 · Cited by 4,279

Show all 39 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Krohne H. W., 1996, Diagnostica, 42, 139
Schumacher J., 2003, Diagnostische Verfahren zu Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden (Diagnostik für Klinik und Praxis, Band 2), 305

Sorted by citations

The Self-Compassion Scale is a Valid and Theoretically Coherent Measure of Self-Compassion
Neff, K. D. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0479-3 · Cited by 805
“2011) but not with German and Italian student and community samples (Hupfield and Ruffieux 2011; Petrocchi et al. 2013) or a second Portuguese clinical sample (Costa et al.”
Background
Protection or Vulnerability? A Meta‐Analysis of the Relations Between the Positive and Negative Components of Self‐Compassion and Psychopathology
Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2005 · Cited by 498
“…used in the Anglo-Saxon part of the world as well as in various other countries (e.g., Belgium: Raes et al., 2011; China: Wong & Mak, 2013; Germany: Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Greece: Mantzios, Wilson, & Giannou, 2015; Iran: Ghorbani, Watson, Chen, & Norballa, 2012; Italy: Petrocchi, Ottaviani, &…”
A Reconsideration of the Self-Compassion Scale’s Total Score: Self-Compassion versus Self-Criticism
López, A., Sanderman, R., Smink, A., Zhang, Y., van Sonderen, E., Ranchor, A., & Schroevers, M. J. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132940 · Cited by 380
“Other studies replicated the six-factor structure, but could not find evidence for a higher-order factor among community samples [12,13], indicating that the six subscales cannot be summed into an overall score of self-compassion.”
Result
Self-Compassion in Depression: Associations With Depressive Symptoms, Rumination, and Avoidance in Depressed Outpatients
Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Baettig, I., Doerig, N., & Holtforth, M. G. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.004 · Cited by 374
Self-Compassion and Coping: a Meta-Analysis
Ewert, C., Vater, A., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01563-8 · Cited by 270
Effectiveness of an Internet- and App-Based Intervention for College Students With Elevated Stress: Randomized Controlled Trial
Harrer, M., Adam, S. H., Fleischmann, R. J., Baumeister, H., Auerbach, R., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., Berking, M., Lehr, D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9293 · Cited by 216
“Methods: College students (n=150) with elevated levels of stress (Perceived Stress Scale 4-item version, PSS-4 ≥8) were randomly assigned to either an internet- and mobile-based stress intervention group with feedback on demand or a waitlist control group.”
BackgroundInfluential
Examining the Factor Structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in Four Distinct Populations: Is the Use of a Total Scale Score Justified?
Neff, K. D., Whittaker, T. A., & Karl, A. (2017) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2016.1269334 · Cited by 266
The Process of Science: A Critical Evaluation of more than 15 Years of Research on Self-Compassion with the Self-Compassion Scale
Muris, P., & Otgaar, H. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01363-0 · Cited by 162
The Role of Self-Compassion in Buffering Symptoms of Depression in the General Population
Körner, A., Coroiu, A., Copeland, L. S., Gomez-Garibello, C. A., Albani, C., Zenger, M., & Brähler, E. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136598 · Cited by 153
The relationship of self-compassion and depression: Cross-lagged panel analyses in depressed patients after outpatient therapy
Krieger, T., Berger, T., & Holtforth, M. G. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.032 · Cited by 179
“92) for the total score in a community sample (Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011).”
Background
The Relationship Among the Components of Self-compassion: A Pilot Study Using a Compassionate Writing Intervention to Enhance Self-kindness, Common Humanity, and Mindfulness
Dreisoerner, A., Junker, N. M., & van Dick, R. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-019-00217-4 · Cited by 153
Protection as the Mirror Image of Psychopathology: Further Critical Notes on the Self-Compassion Scale
Muris, P., Otgaar, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0509-9 · Cited by 125
Self-soothing touch and being hugged reduce cortisol responses to stress: A randomized controlled trial on stress, physical touch, and social identity
Dreisoerner, A., Junker, N. M., Schlotz, W., Heimrich, J., Bloemeke, S., Ditzen, B., & van Dick, R. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100091 · Cited by 118
Better family relationships––higher well-being: The connection between relationship quality and health related resources
Grevenstein, D., Bluemke, M., Schweitzer, J., & Aguilar‐Raab, C. (2019) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mph.2019.200160 · Cited by 143
Adaptive Emotion Regulation Mediates the Relationship between Self-compassion and Depression in Individuals with Unipolar Depression
Diedrich, A., Burger, J., Kirchner, M., & Berking, M. (2017) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12107 · Cited by 107
A Close Examination of the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Depressive Symptoms
López, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0891-6 · Cited by 103
“2015), were able to replicate the higher-order model; though several other studies did not find support for the proposed structure, implying that the use of a SCS total score is not justified (Costa et al. 2015; Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011; Kotsou and Leys 2016; López et al. 2015; Petrocchi et al. 2014; de Souza and Hut…”
Result
Self-Compassion and Cultural Values: A Cross-Cultural Study of Self-Compassion Using a Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) Analytical Procedure
Montero‐Marín, J., Kuyken, W., Crane, C., Gu, J., Baer, R. A., Al-Awamleh, A. A., Akutsu, S., Araya-Véliz, C., Ghorbani, N., Chen, Z. J., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02638 · Cited by 121
“To date researchers often have found six-factors composed of three positive and negative factors (Neff et al., 2008; Lee and Lee, 2010; Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011; Azizi et al., 2013; Arimitsu, 2014; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Petrocchi et al., 2014; Williams et al., 2014; Bento et al., 2016; de…”
Background
Structural validation of the Self-Compassion Scale with a German general population sample
Coroiu, A., Kwakkenbos, L., Moran, C., Thombs, B. D., Albani, C., Bourkas, S., Zenger, M., Brähler, E., & Körner, A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190771 · Cited by 107
“, university students and graduates), and a clinical sample [18, 19, 23].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Psychometric Properties of the Greek Versions of the Self-Compassion and Mindful Attention and Awareness Scales
Mantzios, M., Wilson, J. C., & Giannou, K. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0237-3 · Cited by 95
“Presently, suchmeasures are predominantly available in English, although the Self-Compassion Scale and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale are now available in other languages (e.g., Catak 2012; Deng et al. 2012; Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011; Michalak et al. 2008).”
Background
Self-Compassion as a Resource in the Self-Stigma Process of Overweight and Obese Individuals
Hilbert, A., Braehler, E., Schmidt, R., Löwe, B., Häuser, W., & Zenger, M. (2015) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000438681 · Cited by 89
Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment
Röthlin, P., Birrer, D., Horvath, S., & Holtforth, M. G. (2016) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0147-y · Cited by 92
An Internet-Based Compassion-Focused Intervention for Increased Self-Criticism: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Krieger, T., Reber, F., von Glutz, B., Urech, A., Moser, C. T., Schulz, A., & Berger, T. (2018) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2018.08.003 · Cited by 98
“For the SCS, based on the standard deviation of 0.60 (Körner et al., 2015) and a retest reliability of .92 (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), we calculated a reliable change criterion of 0.47.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship Between Attachment, Depression, and Quality of Life
Brophy, K., Brähler, E., Hinz, A., Schmidt, S., & Körner, A. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.066 · Cited by 85
“The current study used the German version of the SCS (Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011).”
Method
Working on self-compassion online: a proof of concept and feasibility study
Krieger, T., Martig, D. S., van den Brink, E., & Berger, T. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.001 · Cited by 81
“Based on the standard deviation of 0.60 (Körner et al., 2015) and a retest reliability of 0.92 (Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011), we calculated a reliable change criterion of 0.47.”
MethodInfluential
Associations of self-compassion and global self-esteem with positive and negative affect and stress reactivity in daily life: Findings from a smart phone study
Krieger, T., Hermann, H., Zimmermann, J., & Holtforth, M. G. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.009 · Cited by 77
“SCwas assessedwith the German Version of the Self-Compassion Scale (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011).”
BackgroundMethod
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of the Self-Compassion Scale
Tóth‐Király, I., Bőthe, B., & Orosz, G. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0662-1 · Cited by 86
“I n th e ta bl e ab ov e, al th ou gh th e fi ti nd ic es w er e av er ag ed ba se d on th e sa m pl es ,a ll fo ur sh ow ed at le as t ac ce pt ab le go od ne ss of fi t Portugal (Castilho et al. 2015; Cunha et al. 2016), Norway (Dundas et al. 2016), Germany (Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011), France (Kotsou and Leys 2016),…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Buffering impostor feelings with kindness: the mediating role of self-compassion between gender-role orientation and the impostor phenomenon
Patzak, A., Kollmayer, M., & Schober, B. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01289 · Cited by 63
Self–Compassion is Best Measured as a Global Construct and is Overlapping with but Distinct from Neuroticism: A Response to Pfattheicher, Geiger, Hartung, Weiss, and Schindler (2017)
Neff, K. D., Tóth‐Király, I., & Colosimo, K. (2018) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2148 · Cited by 91
Brilliant: But What For? Meaning and Subjective Well-Being in the Lives of Intellectually Gifted and Academically High-Achieving Adults
Pollet, E., & Schnell, T. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9783-4 · Cited by 86
“To assess self-compassion, the German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D; Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011; Neff, 2003b) was used.”
Method
Comparing Effectiveness of HRV-Biofeedback and Mindfulness for Workplace Stress Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brinkmann, A. E., Press, S. A., Helmert, E., Hautzinger, M., Khazan, I., & Vagedes, J. (2020) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-020-09477-w · Cited by 81
Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A.-C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374 · Cited by 63
Self‐compassion and emotion regulation difficulties in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Eichholz, A., Schwartz, C., Meule, A., Heese, J., Neumüller, J., & Voderholzer, U. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2451 · Cited by 65
“The shortened scale shows good psychometric properties and exhibits a high correlation with the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Raes et al., 2011).”
Method
Cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion as emotion regulation strategies for parents during COVID-19: An online randomized controlled trial
Preuss, H., Capito, K., van Eickels, R. L., Zemp, M., & Kolar, D. R. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100388 · Cited by 64
“Moreover, the global scores of the short and long form were highly correlated (r = 0.91; Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluential
Self-compassion as a healthy attitude toward the self: Factorial and construct validity in an Italian sample
Veneziani, C. A., Fuochi, G., & Voci, A. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.028 · Cited by 70
“…in Chinese undergraduates (Chen et al., 2011) and Portuguese clinical andcommunitysamples (Castilhoet al.,2015),butnot inotheranalyses (e.g. Costa, Marôco, Pinto-Gouveia, Ferreira, & Castilho, 2016; Hupfeld & Ruf ﬁ eux, 2011; Petrocchi et al., 2014; Williams, Dalgleish, Karl, & Kuyken, 2014).”
Cross-Lagged Analyses Between Life Meaning, Self-Compassion, and Subjective Well-being Among Gifted Adults
Vötter, B., & Schnell, T. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1078-x · Cited by 67
Self-compassion buffers the link between self-criticism and depression in trauma-exposed firefighters.
Kaurin, A., Schönfelder, S., & Wessa, M. (2018) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000275 · Cited by 79
Altered processing of self-related emotional stimuli in mindfulness meditators
Lutz, J. G., Brühl, A. B., Doerig, N., Scheerer, H., Achermann, R. E., Weibel, A. A., Jäncke, L., & Herwig, U. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.057 · Cited by 62
Child maltreatment, lifetime trauma, and mental health in Swiss older survivors of enforced child welfare practices: Investigating the mediating role of self-esteem and self-compassion
Thoma, M. V., Bernays, F., Eising, C. M., Maercker, A. R. A., & Rohner, S. L. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104925 · Cited by 71
“The German SCS-SF has previously been validated with older individuals (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011).”
Method
Self-compassion and self-protection strategies: The impact of self-compassion on the use of self-handicapping and sandbagging
Petersen, L. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.036 · Cited by 56
“Self-compassion was measured with Neff (2003a) Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), using the German version by Hupfeld and Ruffieux (2011).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Mindfulness and Self-compassion as Unique and Common Predictors of Affect in the General Population
López, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0568-y · Cited by 53
“Some studies have found evidence for a six-factor correlated structured for the SCS (Petrocchi et al. 2013; Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011), whereas others showed support for a twofactor structure with one factor containing the positive items and the other the negative items (Costa et al. 2015; López et…”
Background
Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
Neff, K. D., & Tóth‐Király, I. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_36-1 · Cited by 73
Through the tunnel, to the light: Why sense of coherence covers and exceeds resilience, optimism, and self-compassion
Grevenstein, D., Aguilar‐Raab, C., Schweitzer, J., & Bluemke, M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.001 · Cited by 59
Being My Own Companion in Times of Social Isolation – A 14-Day Mobile Self-Compassion Intervention Improves Stress Levels and Eating Behavior
Schnepper, R., Reichenberger, J., & Blechert, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.595806 · Cited by 48
Be Kind to Yourself: the Implications of Momentary Self-Compassion for Affective Dynamics and Well-Being in Daily Life
Mey, L. K., Wenzel, M., Morello, K., Rowland, Z., Kubiak, T., & Tüscher, O. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02050-y · Cited by 49
“This result is in line with past between-person research demonstrating higher overall well-being (e.g., Zessin et al., 2015) as well as higher PA and lower NA in more selfcompassionate individuals (e.g., Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Krieger et al., 2015).”
MethodResultInfluential
Factor Structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 11 International Samples
Halamová, J., Kanovský, M., Petrocchi, N., Moreira, H., López, A., Barnett, M. D., Yang, E., Benda, J., Brähler, E., Zeng, X., et al. (2020) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2020.1735203 · Cited by 44
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Külz, A. K., Landmann, S., Cludius, B., Hottenrott, B., Rose, N. L. J., Heidenreich, T., Hertenstein, E., Voderholzer, U., & Moritz, S. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0314-8 · Cited by 43
Neural representation and clinically relevant moderators of individualised self-criticism in healthy subjects
Doerig, N., Schlumpf, Y., Spinelli, S., Späti, J., Brakowski, J., Quednow, B. B., Seifritz, E., & Grosse Holtforth, M. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst123 · Cited by 37
“Furthermore, subjects completed the 26-item German version of the Self-Compassion-Scale (SCS-D; Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011).”
Background
The Relationship between Self-Compassion and Sleep Quality: An Overview of a Seven-Year German Research Program
Butz, S., & Stahlberg, D. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs10030064 · Cited by 46
“As the samples were recruited in Germany, all studies assessed self-compassion using a validated German translation [40].”
Method
Psychosocial factors promoting resilience during the menopausal transition
Süss, H., Willi, J., Grub, J., & Ehlert, U. (2020) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-020-01055-7 · Cited by 37
Self-Compassion Mediates the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms
Scheibner, H. J., Daniels, A., Guendelman, S., Utz, F., & Bermpohl, F. (2017) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2017_31_331 · Cited by 40
Self‐compassion and psychological distress in chronic illness: A meta‐analysis
Baxter, R., & Sirois, F. M. (2024) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12761 · Cited by 42
Evaluation of the revised Sense of Coherence scale in a sample of older adults: A means to assess resilience aspects
Rohner, S. L., Höltge, J., Maercker, A. R. A., & Thoma, M. V. (2017) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2017.1364348 · Cited by 34
“The SelfCompassion Scale – Short Form (SCS-SF) measures self-compassion and consists of 12 items (Raes, Pommier, Neff, & Van Gucht, 2011), with high internal consistency of a = .84 (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011).”
Background
Effects of a Novel, Transdiagnostic, Hybrid Ecological Momentary Intervention for Improving Resilience in Youth (EMIcompass): Protocol for an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
Schick, A., Paetzold, I., Rauschenberg, C., Hirjak, D., Banaschewski, T., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Boehnke, J. R., Boecking, B., & Reininghaus, U. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/27462 · Cited by 30
“Furthermore, the Self-Compassion Scale [101], the Fife Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire [102], and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [103] will be used to assess self-compassion and emotion regulation.”
Resilience and Stress in Later Life: A Network Analysis Approach Depicting Complex Interactions of Resilience Resources and Stress-Related Risk Factors in Older Adults
Thoma, M. V., Höltge, J., Eising, C. M., Pfluger, V., & Rohner, S. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.580969 · Cited by 31
“In order to assess “self-compassion” (SCS), the short form German version (Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011) of the Self-Compassion Scale was used (Raes et al.”
Method
Effects of a 12-Week Mindfulness, Compassion, and Loving Kindness Program on Chronic Depression: A Pilot Within-Subjects Wait-List Controlled Trial
Graser, J., Höfling, V., Weβlau, C., Mendes, A., & Stangier, U. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.30.1.35 · Cited by 34
“Self-compassion was assessed with the German version of the SelfCompassion Scale (SCS; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) which consists of 26 items, an overall score, and 6 subscales: Self-Kindness, Self-Judgment, Common Humanity, Isolation, Mindfulness, and Over-Identification.”
Method
Self-Compassion Scale: IRT Psychometric Analysis, Validation, and Factor Structure – Slovak Translation
Halamová, J., Kanovský, M., & Pacúchová, M. (2018) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.398 · Cited by 29
“The Selfcompassion scale (Neff, 2003) was translated into Chinese (Chen, Yan, & Zhou, 2011), Czech (Benda & Reichová, 2016), Dutch (Neff & Vonk, 2009), French (Kotsou & Leys, 2016), German (Hupfield & Ruffieux, 2011), Greek (Mantzios, Wilson, & Giannou, 2015), Hungarian (Tóth-Király, Bőthe, & Orosz, 2016), Iranian (Az…”
A Mindfulness Program to Improve Resident Physicians’ Personal and Work-Related Well-being: a Feasibility Study
Fendel, J. C., Aeschbach, V. M.-J., Göritz, A. S., & Schmidt, S. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01366-x · Cited by 31
Biopsychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms in the perimenopause—findings from the Swiss Perimenopause Study
Willi, J., Süss, H., Grub, J., & Ehlert, U. (2021) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001704 · Cited by 32
“Self-compassion was measured with the German, shortform version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D).(47) The SCS-D contains 12 items and can be categorized into six subdomains.”
Method
Effects of Taiji Practice on Mindfulness and Self-Compassion in Healthy Participants—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Nedeljković, M., Wirtz, P. H., & Ausfeld‐Hafter, B. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0092-7 · Cited by 29
“In accordance with this original version, the validated German translation of the SCS (Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011), which has been used in our study, is also assessing the following six subscales: self-kindness (α 0 0.83), self-judgment (α 0 0.74), common humanity (α 0 0.75), isolation (α 0 0.80),…”
MethodInfluential
A Trauma-Adapted Mindfulness and Loving-Kindness Intervention for Patients with PTSD After Interpersonal Violence: a Multiple-Baseline Study
Müller‐Engelmann, M., Schreiber, C., Kümmerle, S., Heidenreich, T., Stangier, U., & Steil, R. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1068-z · Cited by 31
How do traditional masculinity ideologies and emotional competence relate to aggression and physical domestic violence in cisgender men?
Logoz, F., Eggenberger, L., Komlenac, N., Schneeberger, M., Ehlert, U., & Walther, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1100114 · Cited by 39
The Perceived Stress Scale 2&2: a two-factorial German short version of the Perceived Stress Scale
Schäfer, S. K., von Boros, L., Göritz, A. S., Baumann, S., Wessa, M., Tüscher, O., Lieb, K., & Möhring, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195986 · Cited by 29
Does repetitive thinking mediate the relationship between self-compassion and competition anxiety in athletes?
Jansen, P., Hoja, S., & Meneghetti, C. (2021) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2021.1909243 · Cited by 30
“(SCS, Neff, 2003; German version: Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) The SCS (SCS, Neff, 2003; German version: Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) comprises on the one side the positive elements of self-kindness (“I’m kind to myself, when I am experience suffering”), common humanity (“I try to see my failings as part…”
Background
Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale and its correlates
Kocur, D. J., Flakus, M., & Fopka-Kowalczyk, M. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267637 · Cited by 32
“These findings are consistent with an earlier study by Hupfeld and Ruffieux [41], which proved that for analysing the SCS, ESEM yields a better fit to the data than CFA.”
Result
Using the Personalized Advantage Index for individual treatment allocation to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or a CBT with integrated exposure and emotion-focused elements (CBT-EE)
Friedl, N., Berger, T., Krieger, T., Caspar, F., & Holtforth, M. G. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1664782 · Cited by 18
“Validierung einer deutschen version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D).”
Method
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy as Migraine Intervention: a Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial
Simshäuser, K., Pohl, R., Behrens, P. J., Schultz, C., Lahmann, C., & Schmidt, S. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-021-10044-8 · Cited by 24
Psychometric properties of the Slovenian long and short version of the self-compassion scale
Uršič, N., Kocjančič, D., & Žvelc, G. (2018) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi180408029u · Cited by 29
“The six-factor structure was confirmed on a population of students in Greece (Mantzios, Wilson, & Giannou, 2013), Turkey (Akin, Akin, & Abaci, 2007), Iran (Azizi, Mohammadkhani, Lotfi, & Bahramkhani, 2013), Germany (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), Italy (Petrocchi, Ottaviani, & Couyoumdjian, 2013), and Japan (Arimitsu, 201…”
Are self-compassionate partners less jealous? Exploring the mediation effects of anger rumination and willingness to forgive on the association between self-compassion and romantic jealousy
Tandler, N., & Petersen, L. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9797-7 · Cited by 23
“Self-Compassion Self-compassion was assessed by using a German version (Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011) of the SelfCompassion Scale (SCS; Neff 2003a).”
MethodResultInfluential
Mind–Body Practice Is Related to Pro-environmental Engagement Through Self-compassion and Global Identity Rather Than to Self-enhancement
Loy, L. S., Clemens, A., & Reese, G. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01823-1 · Cited by 27
“Self‑compassion We used the German short version of the Self-Compassion Scale (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; English version by Raes et al., 2011).”
Method
Cognitive‐affective responses to online positive‐psychological interventions: The effects of optimistic, grateful, and self‐compassionate writing
Heekerens, J. B., Eid, M., Heinitz, K., & Merkle, B. V. M. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12326 · Cited by 23
Stress Perception and Coping as Mediators of the Link Between Self-Compassion and Affective Well-being? Evidence From Two Longitudinal Studies
Ewert, C., Büchner, A., & Schröder–Abé, M. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02295-1 · Cited by 26
“Self‑Compassion SC was measured with the standardized German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Neff, 2003a).”
Influential
Mindfulness, cognitive fusion, and self-compassion in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders—A cross-sectional study
Böge, K., Pollex, F., Bergmann, N., Hahne, I., Zierhut, M. M., Mavituna, S., Thomas, N., & Hahn, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959467 · Cited by 20
Dispositional self-compassion impacts immediate and delayed reactions to social evaluation
Ewert, C., Gaube, B., & Geisler, F. C. M. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.037 · Cited by 23
Mechanisms and Effectiveness of Imagery Strategies in Reducing Disgust in Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Comparing Imagery Rescripting, Imagery Self-compassion and Mood-Focused Imagery
Fink‐Lamotte, J., Platter, P., Stierle, C. M. G., & Exner, C. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10275-9 · Cited by 22
“The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) was applied to measure the habitual use of self-compassion.”
Method
The link between self‐compassion and psychotic‐like experiences: A matter of distress?
Scheunemann, J., Schlier, B., Ascone, L., & Lincoln, T. M. (2018) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12193 · Cited by 22
Enhancing Social Interaction in Depression (SIDE study): protocol of a randomised controlled trial on the effects of a Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT) for couples
Aguilar‐Raab, C., Jarczok, M. N., Warth, M., Stoffel, M., Winter, F., Tieck, M., Berg, J., Negi, L. T., Harrison, T., Pace, T. W. W., et al. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020448 · Cited by 21
Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics—An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind–Body Treatments
Matko, K., Sedlmeier, P., & Bringmann, H. C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811734 · Cited by 21
“We assessed self-compassion with the German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCSD; [58]).”
Method
A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study
Warschburger, P., Petersen, A.-C., von Rezori, R. E., Buchallik, F., Baumeister, H., Holl, R. W., Minden, K., Mueller‐Stierlin, A. S., Reinauer, C., & Staab, D. (2021) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02869-9 · Cited by 18
Stress Processing Mediates the Link Between Momentary Self-compassion and Affective Well-being
Ewert, C., Hoffmann, C. F. A., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01954-z · Cited by 18
“Self-compassion was measured with the short German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Neff, 2003a) for which we adapted the introduction text to form a Daily Self-Compassion Scale (DSCS).”
Method
A Hybrid Ecological Momentary Compassion–Focused Intervention for Enhancing Resilience in Help-Seeking Young People: Prospective Study of Baseline Characteristics in the EMIcompass Trial
Paetzold, I., Schick, A., Rauschenberg, C., Hirjak, D., Banaschewski, T., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Butz, S., Floesser, C., Schültke, L., Boehnke, J. R., et al. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/39511 · Cited by 17
“Multimedia Appendix 4 [12,59,60,66-78] provides an overview of the measures used and the time points of administration.”
Background
The effects of internal feedback and self-compassion on the perception of negative feedback and post-feedback learning behavior
Laudel, H., & Narciss, S. (2023) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2023.101237 · Cited by 18
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Fasting and Lifestyle Modification in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes
Jeitler, M., Lauche, R., Hohmann, C., Choi, K., Schneider, N., Steckhan, N., Rathjens, F., Anheyer, D., Paul, A. E., von Scheidt, C., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14173559 · Cited by 18
“• Self-compassion on the 26-Item Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) [43].”
Influential
Mindfulness and Self-Compassion in Clinical Psychiatric Rehabilitation: a Clinical Trial
Gaiswinkler, L., Kaufmann, P., Pollheimer, E., Ackermann, A., Holasek, S. J., Kapfhammer, H., & Unterrainer, . (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01171-1 · Cited by 18
“The primary outcome measure was the change in the Self Compassion Scale (SCS) total score, where the German version was used (Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011; Neff 2003).”
Method
The Swiss Perimenopause Study – study protocol of a longitudinal prospective study in perimenopausal women
Willi, J., Süss, H., & Ehlert, U. (2020) · Women s Midlife Health · doi:10.1186/s40695-020-00052-1 · Cited by 19
The role of self-care and self-compassion in networks of resilience and stress among healthcare professionals
Pank, C., von Boros, L., Lieb, K., Dalkner, N., Egger-Lampl, S., Lehr, D., Schäfer, S. K., Tüscher, O., & Wessa, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01111-1 · Cited by 25
“Self-compassion was measured using the German version 54 of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D) 55 .”
Self-Compassion Across Cultures
Arimitsu, K. (2023) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_8 · Cited by 15
Feasibility and efficacy of a digital resilience training: A pilot study of the strengths-based training RESIST
Behrendt, D., Boß, L., Hannibal, S., Kunzler, A. M., Wessa, M., & Lehr, D. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100649 · Cited by 18
Self-compassion and repetitive thinking in relation to depressive mood and fear of the future
Jansen, P. (2021) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-021-00712-y · Cited by 18
The impact of session-introducing mindfulness and relaxation interventions in individual psychotherapy for children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial (MARS-CA)
Kalmar, J., Baumann, I., Gruber, E., Vonderlin, E., Bents, H., Neubauer, A., Heidenreich, T., & Mander, J. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06212-0 · Cited by 15
Getting the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 ready for clinical practice: Norm values and correlates in a representative sample from the German populationPreprint
Rek, K., Kerber, A., Kemper, C. J., & Zimmermann, J. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5hm43 · Cited by 16
Self-compassion Predicts Higher Affective Well-being and Lower Stress Symptoms Through Less Dysfunctional Coping: A Three-wave Longitudinal Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Asselmann, E., Bendau, A., Hoffmann, C. F. A., & Ewert, C. (2024) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00755-6 · Cited by 34
“Three positive subscales (self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) and 3 negative subscales (self-judgement, self-isolation, and over-identification) were assessed using the German version of the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Neff, 2003a).”
Problem gambling during Covid-19
Frisone, F., Alibrandi, A., & Settineri, S. (2020) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2457 · Cited by 30
Body and mind? Exploring physiological and psychological factors to explain endurance performance in cycling
Röthlin, P., Wyler, M., Müller, B., Zenger, N., Kellenberger, K., Wehrlin, J. P., Birrer, D., Lorenzetti, S., & Trösch, S. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.2018049 · Cited by 14
“In our sample, Cronbach’s α was .81 (95% CI .71–.91), while Hupfeld and Ruffieux (2011) reported a Cronbach α of .91.”
Method
Text Message Feedback to Support Mindfulness Practice in People With Depressive Symptoms: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Kraft, S., Wolf, M., Klein, T., Becker, T. M., Bauer, S., & Puschner, B. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7095 · Cited by 14
The Choice of Sports Affects Mental Rotation Performance in Adolescents
Pietsch, S., Jansen, P., & Lehmann, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00224 · Cited by 14
REMOTION Blended Transdiagnostic Intervention for Symptom Reduction and Improvement of Emotion Regulation in an Outpatient Psychotherapeutic Setting: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Bielinski, L. L., Krieger, T., Moggi, F., Trimpop, L. F., Willutzki, U., Nissen, C., & Berger, T. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/20936 · Cited by 15
“Patient self-compassion will be assessed with the German version [77] of the Self-Compassion Scale, a 26-item self-report scale that is both reliable and valid and will be given to all patients at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.”
Who benefits most? Interactions between personality traits and outcomes of four incremental meditation and yoga treatments
Matko, K., Berghöfer, A., Jeitler, M., Sedlmeier, P., & Bringmann, H. C. (2022) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/9rbqe · Cited by 13
“Self-compassion was measured with the 26-item German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D) [44], which assesses one’s ability to be kind and forgiving to oneself in difficult circumstances.”
Method
Self-compassion moderates the influence of procrastination on postponing sporting activity
Rapoport, O., Bengel, S., Möcklinghoff, S., & Neidhardt, E. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111242 · Cited by 13
The Spanish Version of the State Self-Compassion Scale–Long Form (SSCS–L): A Study of Its Validity and Reliability in a Sample of Nursing Students
Galiana, L., Guillén-Solà, M., Jiménez, A. P., Flowers, S.-L. D., Vidal‐Blanco, G., & Sansó, N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610174 · Cited by 13
“Both the SCS and the SCS–SF have been adapted and translated to several languages, including Brazilian Portuguese [49], Chinese [50], French [51], German [52], Greek [53], Italian [54], Japanese [55], Korean [56], Norwegian [57], Persian [58], Portuguese [59], or Spanish [60].”
Background
Explicit and Implicit Affective Attitudes toward Sustainability: The Role of Mindfulness, Heartfulness, Connectedness to Nature and Prosocialness
Winkelmair, A., Siebertz, M., Jost, L., Schroter, F. A., Bartenschlager, C. T. J., & Jansen, P. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-023-00107-4 · Cited by 16
“For measuring self-compassion, the Self-compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003) was used in its German version (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011).”

Authors: Hupfeld, J., & Ruffieux, N.
Affiliations: University of Bern (CH)
Venue: Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Published: 2011-04
Volume: 40
Issue: 2
Pages: 115-123
ISSN: 1616-3443 (ISSN-L)
2190-6297
DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000088
OpenAlex: W1984218279
Cited by: 237
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.07
Type: journal article
Language: de
Open access: closed
Locations: Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie (publishedVersion)
BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, German translation, psychometric validation, factor structure, reliability statistics, psychological distress, subjective well-being, psychological resilience

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks