The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Sun's total irradiance: Cycles, trends and related climate change uncertainties since 1976
Abstract
A composite record of the Sun's total irradiance compiled from measurements made by five independent space‐based radiometers since 1978 exhibits a prominent 11‐year cycle with similar levels during 1986 and 1996, the two most recent minimum epochs of solar activity. This finding contradicts recent assertions of a 0.04% irradiance increase from the 1986 to 1996 solar minima and suggests that solar radiative output trends contributed little of the 0.2°C increase in the global mean surface temperature in the past decade. Nor does our 18‐year composite irradiance record support a recent upward irradiance trend inferred from solar cycle length, a parameter used to imply a close linkage in the present century between solar variability and climate change.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Hathaway, D. H. (2015) · Living Reviews in Solar Physics · doi:10.1007/lrsp-2015-4 · Cited by 1,180
Global dimming and brightening: A review
Wild, M. (2009) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jd011470 · Cited by 1,129
Solar Models: Current Epoch and Time Dependences, Neutrinos, and Helioseismological Properties
Bahcall, J. N., Pinsonneault, M. H., & Basu, S. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/321493 · Cited by 885
Thuillier, G., Hersé, M., Labs, D., Foujols, T., Peetermans, W., Gillotay, D., Simon, P. C., & Mandel, H. (2003) · Solar Physics · doi:10.1023/a:1024048429145 · Cited by 709
Earth's energy imbalance and implications
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., & von Schuckmann, K. (2011) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-13421-2011 · Cited by 586
Metadata
- Authors
- Fröhlich, C., & Lean, J.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1998-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 4377-4380
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2147385032
- Cited by
- 511
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 19.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Sun's total irradiance: Cycles, trends and related climate change uncertainties since 1976. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1029/1998gl900157
- The paper
- Fröhlich, C., & Lean, J. (1998). The Sun's total irradiance: Cycles, trends and related climate change uncertainties since 1976. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998gl900157
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
