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Cited by 586

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Earth's energy imbalance and implications

Open access
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., von Schuckmann, K.·2011·Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Abstract

Abstract. Improving observations of ocean heat content show that Earth is absorbing more energy from the Sun than it is radiating to space as heat, even during the recent solar minimum. The inferred planetary energy imbalance, 0.58 ± 0.15 W m−2 during the 6-yr period 2005–2010, confirms the dominant role of the human-made greenhouse effect in driving global climate change. Observed surface temperature change and ocean heat gain together constrain the net climate forcing and ocean mixing rates. We conclude that most climate models mix heat too efficiently into the deep ocean and as a result underestimate the negative forcing by human-made aerosols. Aerosol climate forcing today is inferred to be −1.6 ± 0.3 W m−2, implying substantial aerosol indirect climate forcing via cloud changes. Continued failure to quantify the specific origins of this large forcing is untenable, as knowledge of changing aerosol effects is needed to understand future climate change. We conclude that recent slowdown of ocean heat uptake was caused by a delayed rebound effect from Mount Pinatubo aerosols and a deep prolonged solar minimum. Observed sea level rise during the Argo float era is readily accounted for by ice melt and ocean thermal expansion, but the ascendency of ice melt leads us to anticipate acceleration of the rate of sea level rise this decade.

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Crossref · 10.5194/acp-11-13421-2011

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Metadata

Authors
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., & von Schuckmann, K.
Venue
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Published
2011-12-22
Volume
11
Issue
24
Pages
13421-13449
ISSN
  • 1680-7316 (ISSN-L)
  • 1680-7324
OpenAlex
W1993713496
Cited by
586
References
114
FWCI
38.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Earth's energy imbalance and implications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5194/acp-11-13421-2011
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Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., & von Schuckmann, K. (2011). Earth's energy imbalance and implications. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13421-2011

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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