The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia
Open accessAbstract
We present reconstructions of Northern and Southern Hemisphere mean surface temperature over the past two millennia based on high‐resolution ‘proxy’ temperature data which retain millennial‐scale variability. These reconstructions indicate that late 20th century warmth is unprecedented for at least roughly the past two millennia for the Northern Hemisphere. Conclusions for the Southern Hemisphere and global mean temperature are limited by the sparseness of available proxy data in the Southern Hemisphere at present.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Moberg, A., Sonechkin, D. M., Holmgren, K., Datsenko, N. M., & Karlén, W. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03265 · Cited by 1,632
Climate and human influences on global biomass burning over the past two millennia
Marlon, J. R., Bartlein, P. J., Carcaillet, C., Gavin, D. G., Harrison, S. P., Higuera, P. E., Joos, F., Power, M. J., & Prentice, I. C. (2008) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo313 · Cited by 823
Law Dome CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O ice core records extended to 2000 years BP
MacFarling Meure, C., Etheridge, D., Trudinger, C., Steele, P., Langenfelds, R., van Ommen, T., Smith, A., & Elkins, J. (2006) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2006gl026152 · Cited by 674
Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Heim, R. R., Vose, R. S., Herweijer, C., & Woodhouse, C. (2010) · Journal of Quaternary Science · doi:10.1002/jqs.1303 · Cited by 549
Global climate change, war, and population decline in recent human history
Zhang, D. D., Brecke, P., Lee, H. F., He, Y.-Q., & Zhang, J. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0703073104 · Cited by 540
Metadata
- Authors
- Mann, M. E., & Jones, P. D.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 15
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2042859974
- Cited by
- 868
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 43.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1029/2003gl017814
- The paper
- Mann, M. E., & Jones, P. D. (2003). Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017814
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
