Law Dome CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O ice core records extended to 2000 years BP
Abstract
New measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations in ice from Law Dome, Antarctica reproduce published Law Dome CO 2 and CH 4 records, extend them back to 2000 years BP, and include N 2 O. They have very high air age resolution, data density and measurement precision. Firn air measurements span the past 65 years and overlap with the ice core and direct atmospheric observations. Major increases in CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O concentrations during the past 200 years followed a period of relative stability beforehand. Decadal variations during the industrial period include the stabilization of CO 2 and slowing of CH 4 and N 2 O growth in the 1940s and 1950s. Variations of up to 10 ppm CO 2 , 40 ppb CH 4 and 10 ppb N 2 O occurred throughout the preindustrial period. Methane concentrations grew by 100 ppb from AD 0 to 1800, possibly due to early anthropogenic emissions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Atmospheric methane concentrations ranged from 590-760 ppb through much of the Holocene up to 1700 C.E.
“Ice core records show atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations range from 590 -760 ppb through much of the Holocene ( 71-75 ) up to 1700 C.E.”
From The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene (2016) · cites this paper as [73]
Cites
Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years
Crowley, T. J. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5477.270 · Cited by 2,068 · see citing works
The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Combined Precipitation Dataset
Huffman, G. J., Adler, R. F., Arkin, P., Chang, A. T. C., Ferraro, R. R., Gruber, A., Janowiak, J. E., McNab, A. L., Rudolf, B., & Schneider, U. (1997) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078 · Cited by 1,717 · see citing works
The Anthropogenic Greenhouse Era Began Thousands of Years Ago
Ruddiman, W. F. (2003) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1023/b:clim.0000004577.17928.fa · Cited by 1,658 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[14] Previous studies have also shown that trace gas concentrations responded to changes in the climate system during the LPIH causing small climate feedbacks [Etheridge et al., 1996; Crowley, 2000; Bauer et al., 2003], rather than being a significant climate driver [Ruddiman, 2003].”
ResultMoberg, A., Sonechkin, D. M., Holmgren, K., Datsenko, N. M., & Karlén, W. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03265 · Cited by 1,634 · see citing works
Etheridge, D. M., Steele, L. P., Langenfelds, R. L., Francey, R. J., Barnola, J.-M., & Morgan, V. I. (1996) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/95jd03410 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
Self-citationJones, P. D., & MANN, M. E. (2004) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2003rg000143 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions
Keppler, F., Hamilton, J. T. G., Braß, M., & Röckmann, T. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04420 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Atlas of World Population History
J.-N., B., McEvedy, C. P., & Jones, R. (1978) · Population · doi:10.2307/1531978 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia
MANN, M. E., & Jones, P. D. (2003) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2003gl017814 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
The Oxidizing Capacity of the Earth's Atmosphere: Probable Past and Future Changes
Thompson, A. M. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.256.5060.1157 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
A 1000-year high precision record of δ13C in atmospheric CO2
Francey, R. J., Allison, C. E., Etheridge, D. M., Trudinger, C. M., Enting, I. G., Leuenberger, M., Langenfelds, R. L., Michel, E., & Steele, L. (1999) · Tellus B · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v51i2.16269 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Self-citationEtheridge, D. M., Steele, L., Francey, R. J., & Langenfelds, R. L. (1998) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/98jd00923 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Self-citationA 1000-year high precision record of delta13C in atmospheric CO2
Francey, R. J., Allison, C. E., Etheridge, D. M., Trudinger, C. M., Enting, I. G., Leuenberger, M., Langenfelds, R. L., Michel, E., & Steele, L. (1999) · Tellus B · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-1-00005.x · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationUnexpected Changes to the Global Methane Budget over the Past 2000 Years
Ferretti, D. F., Miller, J. B., White, J. W. C., Etheridge, D. M., Lassey, K. R., Lowe, D. C., Meure, C. M. M., Dreier, M. F., Trudinger, C. M., van Ommen, T. D., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1115193 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationAtlas of World Population History.
Durand, J. D., McEvedy, C. P., & Jones, R. (1979) · Population Studies · doi:10.2307/2173881 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
High‐resolution Holocene N2O ice core record and its relationship with CH4 and CO2
Flückiger, J., Monnin, E., Stauffer, B., Schwander, J., Stocker, T. F., Chappellaz, J., Raynaud, D., & Barnola, J.-M. (2002) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2001gb001417 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Assessing climate forcings of the Earth system for the past millennium
Bauer, E., Claussen, M. A., Brovkin, V. A., & Hünerbein, A. (2003) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2002gl016639 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
N2O record spanning the penultimate deglaciation from the Vostok ice core
Sowers, T. (2001) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000jd900707 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Site information and initial results from deep ice drilling on Law Dome, Antarctica
Morgan, V. I., Wookey, C. W., Li, J., et al. (1997) · Journal of Glaciology · doi:10.1017/s0022143000002768 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Siegenthaler, U., Monnin, E., Kawamura, K., Spahni, R., Schwander, J., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Barnola, J.-M., & Fischer, H. (2005) · Tellus B · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00131.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Gerber, S., Joos, F., Brugger, P., Stocker, T. F., MANN, M. E., Sitch, S. A., & Scholze, M. (2003) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-002-0270-8 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
‘Persistent’ ENSO sequences: how unusual was the 1990-1995 El Niño?
Allan, R. J., & D'Arrigo, R. D. (1999) · The Holocene · doi:10.1191/095968399669125102 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
On the use of smoothing splines to filter CO 2 data
Enting, I. G. (1987) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd092id09p10977 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Atmospheric Trace-Gas Variations as Revealed by Air Trapped in an Ice Core from Law Dome, Antarctica
Etheridge, D. M., Pearman, G. I., & de Silva, F. (1988) · Annals of Glaciology · doi:10.1017/s0260305500004110 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationSturrock, G. A., Etheridge, D. M., Trudinger, C. M., Fraser, P. J., & Smith, A. M., II (2002) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd002548 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationReconstructing atmospheric histories from measurements of air composition in firn
Trudinger, C. M., Etheridge, D. M., Rayner, P. J., Enting, I. G., Sturrock, G. A., & Langenfelds, R. L. (2002) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd002545 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationKalman filter analysis of ice core data 2. Double deconvolution of CO2 and δ13C measurements
Trudinger, C. M., Enting, I. G., Rayner, P. J., et al. (2002) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2001jd001112 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationStauffer, B., Flückiger, J., Monnin, E., Schwander, J., Barnola, J.-M., & Chappellaz, J. (2002) · Annals of Glaciology · doi:10.3189/172756402781816861 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
van Hoof, T. B., Kaspers, K. A., Wagner‐Cremer, F., et al. (2005) · Tellus B · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v57i4.16555 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
van Hoof, T. B., Kaspers, K. A., Wagner‐Cremer, F., et al. (2005) · Tellus B · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00154.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
McHugh, M. (2004) · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration
Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O., & Ludwig, C. (2015) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019614564785 · Cited by 3,935 · see citing works
Lewis, S. L., & Maslin, M. A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14258 · Cited by 3,441 · see citing works
The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene
Waters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J., Summerhayes, C., Barnosky, A. D., Poirier, C., Gałuszka, A., Cearreta, A., Edgeworth, M., Ellis, E. C., Ellis, M., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad2622 · Cited by 2,375 · see citing works
Holocene carbon emissions as a result of anthropogenic land cover change
Kaplan, J. O., Krumhardt, K. M., Ellis, E. C., Ruddiman, W. F., Lemmen, C., & Goldewijk, K. K. (2011) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/0959683610386983 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum
Osman, M. B., Tierney, J. E., Zhu, J., Tardif, R., Hakim, G. J., King, J., & Poulsen, C. J. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the last millennium (v1.0)
Schmidt, G. A., Jungclaus, J. H., Ammann, C. M., Bard, E., Braconnot, P., Crowley, T. J., Delaygue, G., Joos, F., Krivova, N. A., Muscheler, R., et al. (2011) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-4-33-2011 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Köhler, P., Nehrbass-Ahles, C., Schmitt, J., Stocker, T. F., & Fischer, H. (2017) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-9-363-2017 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Rubino, M., Etheridge, D. M., Trudinger, C. M., Allison, C. E., Battle, M. O., Langenfelds, R. L., Steele, L. P., Curran, M., Bender, M., White, J. W. C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/jgrd.50668 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationNatural and anthropogenic variations in methane sources during the past two millennia
Sapart, C. J., Monteil, G., Prokopiou, M., van de Wal, R. S. W., Kaplan, J. O., Sperlich, P., Krumhardt, K. M., van der Veen, C., Houweling, S., Krol, M. C., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11461 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Liebmann, M. J., Farella, J., Roos, C. I., Stack, A., Martini, S., & Swetnam, T. W. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1521744113 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Constraints on the Late Holocene Anthropogenic Contribution to the Atmospheric Methane Budget
Mitchell, L., Brook, E., Lee, J. E., Buizert, C., & Sowers, T. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1238920 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Members of the Anthropocene Working Group:, Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., Edgeworth, M., Ellis, E. C., Gałuszka, A., Gibbard, P. L., Grinevald, J., et al. (2015) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019615587056 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Is there an isotopic signature of the Anthropocene?
Dean, J. R., Leng, M. J., & Mackay, A. W. (2014) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019614541631 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Nevle, R. J., Bird, D. K., Ruddiman, W. F., & Dull, R. A. (2011) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/0959683611404578 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Greenhouse gases in the Earth system: a palaeoclimate perspective
Wolff, E. W. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0225 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
- Authors
- MacFarling Meure, C., Etheridge, D., Trudinger, C., Steele, P., Langenfelds, R., van Ommen, T., Smith, A., & Elkins, J.
- Affiliations
- Marine and Atmospheric Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Aspendale, Victoria Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Department of the Environment and Heritage Australian Antarctic Division, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC Hobart, Tasmania Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Menai, New South Wales Australia
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- L14810
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2062778690
- Cited by
- 674
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 8.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Keywords
- Law Dome ice core, firn air, atmospheric greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, paleoclimate, industrial era, pre-industrial period, anthropogenic emissions, decadal variability, age of air
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review