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How much is the ocean really warming?
Open accessAbstract
We use a global hydrographic dataset to study the effect of instrument related biases on the estimates of long‐term temperature changes in the global ocean since the 1950s. The largest discrepancies are found between the expendable bathythermographs (XBT) and bottle and CTD data, with XBT temperatures being positively biased by 0.2–0.4°C on average. Since the XBT data are the largest proportion of the dataset, this bias results in a significant World Ocean warming artefact when time periods before and after introduction of XBT are compared. Using bias‐corrected XBT data we argue reduces the ocean heat content change since the 1950s by a factor of 0.62. Our estimate of the ocean heat content increase (0–3000 m) between 1957–66 and 1987–96 is 12.8·10 22 J. Because of imperfect sampling this estimate has an uncertainty of at least 8·10 22 J
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Citations
Cited by
Global sea-level budget 1993–present
WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group (2018) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018 · Cited by 624
An imperative to monitor Earth's energy imbalance
von Schuckmann, K., Palmer, M. D., Trenberth, K. E., Cazenave, A., Chambers, D., Champollion, N., Hansen, J., Josey, S. A., Loeb, N., Mathieu, P.-P., et al. (2016) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2876 · Cited by 445
Falvey, M., & Garreaud, R. D. (2009) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jd010519 · Cited by 443
Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., & Gruber, N. (2010) · Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society · doi:10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.39 · Cited by 86
Taboada, F. G., & Anadón, R. (2012) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0485-6 · Cited by 65
Metadata
- Authors
- Gouretski, V., & Koltermann, K. P.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2038701335
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 30.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Gouretski, V., & Koltermann, K. P. (2007). How much is the ocean really warming? Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027834
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