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Cited by 86Marine and coastal ecosystemsOceanographic and Atmospheric ProcessesUnderwater Vehicles and Communication Systems

Adding oxygen to Argo: developing a global in-situ observatory for ocean deoxygenation and biogeochemistry

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Gruber, Nicolas, Gruber, Nicolas, Gruber, Nicolas, Gruber, Nicolas, Gruber, Nicolas, Gruber, Nicolas, Gruber, Nicolas, Gruber, Nicolas +2 more·2010·Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society
DOI 10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.39
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Abstract

We propose to add dissolved oxygen sensors to the Argo (Global array of free-drifting profiling floats) float program in order to determine, on a global-scale, seasonal to decadal time-scale variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations throughout the upper ocean.Such observations are especially important to document the ocean's expected loss of oxygen as a result of ocean warming, but there are many other benefits including the opportunity to estimate net community and export production, the assessment of changes in low oxygen regions, and improved estimates of the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic C O2 .The proposed joint Argo-Oxygen program is made possible by the recent development of dissolved oxygen sensors that are both precise and stable over extended periods and can be easily integrated with the currently used Argo floats.Results from the more than 200 oxygen equipped Argo float have not only demonstrated the feasibility of the program, but also produced already many insights and discoveries.Achieving the main goal of the Argo-Oxygen program does not require any appreciable changes in the deployment and operating strategies of the current Argo program and can therefore be implemented without a significant impact on Argo's core mission.A two-phase implementation is proposed, consisting of a small set of regional pilot-studies, followed by a buildup toward a global implementation.The cost of adding oxygen sensors to all floats of the Argo program is estimated to be about USD 4.2 million per year.The proposed Argo-Oxygen program will add substantial value to Argo by expanding the number of Argo data users, as well as by creating new synergies between the physical and the biogeochemical ocean research communities.The new observations will also contribute to the activities of various international networks and partnerships for Earth Observing Systems.

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Crossref · 10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.39

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  • BGC parameters are currently measured by 329 Argo floats globally, of which 22 are in the tropical Atlantic; measured parameters include oxygen, chlorophyll-a, suspended particles, nitrate, pH, and downwelling irradiance.

    “Profiles of biogeochemical (BGC) parameters are currently made by 329 Argo floats in the global ocean, of which 22 are in the tropical Atlantic (Figure 2B).The measured parameters include oxygen, chlorophyll-a, suspended particles, nitrate, pH, and downwelling irradiance.”

    From The tropical atlantic observing system (2019) · cites this paper as Gruber et al., 2010

    The Introduction says Argo floats measure dissolved oxygen. Section 6.1 reports more than 200 oxygen-equipped floats deployed and 160 reporting data during a 20-day period in May 2009. The paper does not substantiate the claimed 329 BGC floats, 22 in the tropical Atlantic, or the full list of measured parameters; its figures describe a different time and subset of floats. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. Gould, J., and the Argo Science Team, (2004). Argo Profiling Floats Bring New Era of In Situ Ocean Observations. EoS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 85(19).
  2. Wallace, D.W.R. (2001), Storage and transport of excess CO 2 in the oceans: the JGOFS/WOCE Global CO 2 Survey, in Ocean Circulation and Climate, G. Siedler, J. Church, W. J. Gould, Eds. (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2001), pp. 489-521.
  3. Hood, M. & Co-Authors (2010). "Ship-Based Repeat Hydrography: A Strategy for a Sustained Global Program." in these proceedings (Vol. 2), doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.44. · DOI
  4. Bender, M., S. Doney, R.A. Feely, I.Y. Fung, N. Gruber, D.E. Harrison, R. Keeling, J.K. Moore, J. L. Sarmiento, E. Sarachik, B. Stephens, T. Takahashi, P.P. Tans, and R. Wanninkhof, (2002), A Large-Scale Carbon Observing Plan: In Situ Oceans and Atmosphere (LSCOP), pp. 201, Nat. Tech. Info. Services, Springfield.
  5. Johnson, G. C. and N. Gruber (2007). Decadal water mass variations along 20°W in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 73, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.022, 277-295. · DOI
  6. Claustre, H. & Co-Authors (2010). "Bio-Optical Profiling Floats as New Observational Tools for Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Studies: Potential Synergies with Ocean Color Remote Sensing." in these proceedings (Vol. 2), doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.17. · DOI
  7. Joos, F., G.-K. Plattner, T.F. Stocker, A. Körtzinger, and D.W.R. Wallace (2003). Trends in marine dissolved oxygen: Implications for ocean circulation changes and the carbon budget. EOS Trans. AGU 84: 197-204.
  8. Matear, R. J., and A. C. Hirst, (2003), Long-term changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the ocean caused by protracted global warming, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(4), 1125, doi:10.1029/2002GB001997. · DOI
  9. McDonagh, E. L., H. L. Bryden, B. A. King, R. J. Sanders, S.A. Cunningham and R. Marsh. 2005. Decadal changes in the South Indian Ocean thermocline, Journal of Climate, 18, 1575-1590.
  10. Kasai, A., T. Yamada, and H. Takeda (2007) Flow structure and hypoxia in Hiuchi-nada, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 71 (1-2): 210-217.
  11. Gilbert, D., B. Sundby, C. Gobeil, A. Mucci and G.-H. Tremblay (2005) A seventy-two year record of diminishing deep-water oxygen in the St. Lawrence estuary: The northwest Atlantic connection, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50 (5): 1654-1666
  12. Riser, S.C. and K. S. Johnson (2008) Net production of oxygen in the subtropical ocean, Nature 451, 323-325, doi:10.1038/nature06441. · DOI
  13. Keeling, C. D., H. Brix, and N. Gruber (2004), Seasonal and long-term dynamics of the upper ocean carbon cycle at Station ALOHA near Hawaii, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB4006, doi:10.1029/2004GB002227. · DOI
  14. Brasseur, P., N. Gruber, R. Barciela, K. Brander, M. Doron, A. El Moussaoui, A. J. Hobday, M. Huret, A.-S. Kremeur, P. Lehodey, C. Moulin, R. Murtugudde, I. Senina, E. Svendsen, R. Matear (2009) Integrating biogeochemistry and ecology into ocean data assimilation systems, Oceanography, 22(3), 192-201.

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Authors
Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., Gruber, N., & Gruber, N.
Venue
Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society
Publisher
European Space Agency
Published
2010-12-31
Pages
432-441
DOI
10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.39
OpenAlex
W1983330275
Cited by
86
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
FWCI
25.46
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
Keywords
ocean deoxygenation, dissolved oxygen, Argo floats, ocean warming, net community production, export production, ocean carbon uptake, ocean biogeochemistry

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