Metalloids in wet deposition on Bermuda: Concentrations, sources, and fluxes
Abstract
The concentrations of antimony, arsenic, and selenium were determined in wet deposition samples collected on a daily (event) basis from 1988 to 1990 on Bermuda as a part of the Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE). Isentropic back trajectories were used to identity air masses that passed over North America (59% of the events), Europe or North Africa (8%), or were largely marine in origin (33% of the events). The North American trajectories had the highest volume‐weighted average (VWA) concentrations and crustal enrichment factors for the three metalloids; the As/Se ratio and good correlations with acidity suggest inputs from fossil fuel combustion. The Euro‐African trajectories had the lowest VWA concentrations and enrichment factors that approached crustal values, indicating mineral aerosol inputs; values for marine events fell between these two extremes. The atmospheric flux of metalloids to the western Atlantic Ocean represents a major source of these elements in surface waters (up to 100% for Sb and Se; up to 61 % for As) and a corresponding sink in their global atmospheric budgets.
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Cutter (1993) estimated a deposition of 2.2 × 10^9 g Se/year over the North Atlantic Ocean, comprising about 12%-18% of total global emissions as estimated by Mosher and Duce (1987).
“Cutter (1993) [97] estimated a deposition of 2.2 × 109 g Se year−1 over the North Atlantic Ocean, which comprises ~12%–18% of total global emissions as estimated by Mosher and Duce, 1987 [86].”
From Selenium Cycling Across Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Interfaces: A Critical Review (2015) · cites this paper as [97]
The biogenic volatile Se compounds DMSe and DMDSe have been found in soils, freshwaters, marine waters, and air.
“The biogenic volatile Se compounds DMSe and DMDSe have been found in soils [240], freshwaters [249,250], marine waters [97,251] and air [97,252].”
From Selenium Cycling Across Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Interfaces: A Critical Review (2015) · cites this paper as [97]
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- Authors
- Cutter, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Old Dominion University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cutter, Gregory A.
- ORCID
- Cutter, Gregory A.
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1993-09-20
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- D9
- Pages
- 16777-16786
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988273920
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- metalloids, wet deposition, antimony, arsenic, selenium, atmospheric fluxes, source apportionment, crustal enrichment factors, fossil fuel combustion, mineral dust, marine aerosols, western Atlantic, Bermuda
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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