Methane fluxes on boreal peatlands of different fertility and the effect of long‐term experimental lowering of the water table on flux rates

Abstract

Methane (CH 4) fluxes were measured at 17 peatland sites with different nutritional and hydrological characteristics in the southern and middle boreal zones in Finland by a static chamber technique. Many of the natural peatlands also had counterparts drained for forestry 30–50 years ago. The mean emissions from May to September were 8.0 g CH 4 m−2 for natural ombrogenous bogs and 19.0 g CH 4 m−2 for natural minerogenous fens thus being higher than the 2 g CH 4 m−2 yr−1 estimated for the Canadian peatlands. Change in the mean water table level had greater effect on CH 4 fluxes on natural fens than on natural bogs. The mean CH 4 emissions on drained bogs and fens were 3.9 g CH 4 m−2 and 0.3 g CH 4 m−2, respectively. Some drained fens even had CH 4 uptake from the atmosphere. The change in the mean water table had the lowest effect on CH 4 fluxes on drained peatlands. The CH 4 fluxes on peatlands (natural fens and bogs and drained peatlands) are associated with peat aeration, nutrient level, vegetation cover, peat compaction, peat temperature, and finally with microbial processes responsible for the net release of CH 4. We could explain 67% of the variation in mean CH 4 fluxes on Finnish peatlands by measuring the mean water table, peat bulk density, and peat p H. The present results can be used to predict the possible changes in CH 4 emissions on peatlands if the climate is drying in north. For example, lowering of the present water table by 10 cm would induce a 70% reduction in the CH 4 emissions from fens and a 45% reduction from bogs.