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On the structure and evolution of ENSO‐related climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Lessons from TOGA
Open accessAbstract
Improved observations in the tropical Pacific during the Tropical Ocean‐Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program have served to corroborate preexisting notions concerning the seasonally dependent relationships between sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, wind stress, rainfall, upper tropospheric circulation, and ocean thermal structure anomalies in the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. However, the paradigm of a quasiperiodic “ENSO cycle,” phase locked with the annual march, does not capture the complexity of the evolution of the anomalies. The inadequacy of this model was particularly apparent during the second half of TOGA when the variability was highly aperiodic. Also, a single modal structure or empirical orthogonal function does not appear to be capable of representing the range of spatial patterns of ocean‐atmosphere interaction in the tropical Pacific. These results suggest the need for a more inclusive phenomenological description of ENSO. Data collected during TOGA serve to confirm the influence of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies upon rainfall in northeast Brazil.
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Cites
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Cited by
A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean
Saji, N. H., Goswami, B. N., Vinayachandran, P. N., & Yamagata, T. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43854 · Cited by 5,510
Atmospheric Modeling, Data Assimilation and Predictability
Kalnay, E. (2002) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511802270 · Cited by 3,391
Bentsen, M., Bethke, I., Debernard, J. B., Iversen, T., Kirkevåg, A., Seland, Ø., Drange, H., Roelandt, C., Seierstad, I. A., Hoose, C., et al. (2013) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-6-687-2013 · Cited by 1,084
Unraveling the cause-effect relation between time series
Liang, X. S. (2014) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.90.052150 · Cited by 409
Climate fluctuations of tropical coupled systems: the role of ocean dynamics
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wallace, J. M., Rasmusson, E. M., Mitchell, T. P., Kousky, V. E., Sarachik, E. S., & von Storch, H.
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1998-06-29
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- C7
- Pages
- 14241-14259
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032846834
- Cited by
- 540
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 24.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Wallace, J. M., Rasmusson, E. M., Mitchell, T. P., Kousky, V. E., Sarachik, E. S., & von Storch, H. (1998). On the structure and evolution of ENSO‐related climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Lessons from TOGA. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jc02905
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