Some simple solutions for heat‐induced tropical circulation
Abstract
A simple analytic model is constructed to elucidate some basic features of the response of the tropical atmosphere to diabatic heating. In particular, there is considerable east-west asymmetry which can be illustrated by solutions for heating concentrated in an area of finite extent. This is of more than academic interest because heating in practice tends to be concentrated in specific areas. For instance, a model with heating symmetric about the equator at Indonesian longitudes produces low-level easterly flow over the Pacific through propagation of Kelvin waves into the region. It also produces low-level westerly inflow over the Indian Ocean (but in a smaller region) because planetary waves propagate there. In the heating region itself the low-level flow is away from the equator as required by the vorticity equation. The return flow toward the equator is farther west because of planetary wave propagation, and so cyclonic flow is obtained around lows which form on the western margins of the heating zone. Another model solution with the heating displaced north of the equator provides a flow similar to the monsoon circulation of July and a simple model solution can also be found for heating concentrated along an inter-tropical convergence line.
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The Kelvin wave propagates eastward over South America to the tropical Atlantic and may force a stationary baroclinic Rossby wave.
“The Kelvin wave propagates eastward over South America to the tropical Atlantic and may force a stationary baroclinic Rossby wave, depicted in Gill's [1980] model of tropical atmospheric circulations.”
From Impacts of canonical and Modoki El Niño on tropical Atlantic SST (2014) · cites this paper as Gill, 1980
A consequence of the Kelvin wave is the formation of a stationary baroclinic Rossby wave off the equator in the western tropical North Atlantic.
“A consequence of the Kelvin wave is the formation of a stationary baroclinic Rossby wave off the equator in the western tropical North Atlantic [Gill, 1980].”
From Impacts of canonical and Modoki El Niño on tropical Atlantic SST (2014) · cites this paper as Gill, 1980
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“1a) is highly reminiscent of that in the Pacific, and that expected from theoretical considerations (Gill 1980).”
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Recent multidecadal strengthening of the Walker circulation across the tropical Pacific
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- Authors
- Gill, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gill, A. E.
- Venue
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1980-07
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 449
- Pages
- 447-462
- ISSN
- 0035-9009 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-870X
- OpenAlex
- W2023128436
- Cited by
- 4,394
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 104 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 225 · 2023: 294 · 2022: 263 · 2021: 289 · 2020: 263 · 2019: 233 · 2018: 239 · 2017: 207 · 2016: 171 · 2015: 159 · 2014: 132 · 2013: 133 · 2012: 138
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Keywords
- tropical circulation, diabatic heating, east-west asymmetry, Kelvin waves, Rossby waves, vorticity equation, cyclonic flow, tropical monsoon climate, Intertropical Convergence Zone, analytical model
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