Temporal variation in the interhemispheric 14C offset
Open accessAbstract
Contemporaneous tree‐ring dated wood, from trees in the northern and southern hemispheres, gives different 14 C dates. Previous studies [Vogel et al., 1986; 1993] using wood from South Africa and The Netherlands have shown depletion's of −4.56 ± 0.85‰ and −5.12±0.62‰ respectively. This translates to age differences of 36±7 and 41±5 years (yrs) with the southern hemisphere giving the older dates. More recently, Stuiver and Braziunas [1998] have shown that an offset of 23±4 yrs exists between combined 19th century wood measurements from Tasmania and Chile in the southern hemisphere and the west coast of the U.S. (Washington) in the northern hemisphere. In this study measurements on contemporaneous decadal samples of oak from the British Isles and cedar from New Zealand over the period 1725 to 1885 AD show a depletion of −3.4±0.58‰ (27.2±4.7 yrs). However, data after 1895 AD has a mean offset of 0.66±1.06‰ (−5.3±8.5 yrs) with increased variance compared to 19th century data. This, we believe, is attributable to anthropogenic fossil fuel, which, due to its long residence time in the earth, has long since lost any 14 C component and when burned preferentially depletes the northern hemisphere atmosphere of 14 C.
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14C offsets between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres are well documented, while offsets within the Northern Hemisphere are less well understood.
“While 14 C offsets between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres are well documented (McCormac et al. 1998; Stuiver and Braziunas 1998; Hogg et al. 2009; Turney et al. 2016a), offsets within the Northern Hemisphere are less well understood.”
From The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP) (2020) · cites this paper as McCormac et al. 1998
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Cites
Observational Contrains on the Global Atmospheric Co <sub>2</sub> Budget
Tans, P. P., Fung, I. Y., & Takahashi, T. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.247.4949.1431 · Cited by 2,066 · see citing works
Anthropogenic and solar components of hemispheric <sup>14</sup>C
Stuiver, M., & Braziunas, T. F. (1998) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/97gl03694 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Braziunas, T. F., Fung, I. Y., & Stuiver, M. (1995) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/95gb01725 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
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The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.41 · Cited by 7,900 · see citing works
“While 14 C offsets between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres are well documented (McCormac et al. 1998; Stuiver and Braziunas 1998; Hogg et al. 2009; Turney et al. 2016a), offsets within the Northern Hemisphere are less well understood.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Edwards, R. L., et al. (2009) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200034202 · Cited by 4,290 · see citing works
Self-citationSHCal20 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0–55,000 years cal BP
Hogg, A. G., Heaton, T. J., Hua, Q., Palmer, J. G., Turney, C. S., Southon, J., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Boswijk, G., Bronk Ramsey, C., et al. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.59 · Cited by 1,530 · see citing works
Self-citationSHCal04 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-11.0 cal kyr BP
McCormac, F. G., Hogg, A. G., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Higham, T. F. G., & Reimer, P. J. (2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033014 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Self-citationMarsh, E. J., Bruno, M. C., Fritz, S. C., Baker, P., Capriles, J. M., & Hastorf, C. A. (2018) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2018.16 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Radiocarbon in tropical tree rings during the Little Ice Age
Hua, Q., Barbetti, M., Zoppi, U., Fink, D., Watanasak, M., & Jacobsen, G. E. (2004) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.092 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
IntCal20 Tree Rings: An Archaeological Swot Analysis
Bayliss, A., Marshall, P., Dee, M. W., Friedrich, M., Heaton, T. J., & Wacker, L. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.77 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- McCormac, F. G., Hogg, A. G., Higham, T. F. G., Lynch‐Stieglitz, J., Broecker, W. S., Baillie, M. G. L., Palmer, J., Xiong, L., Pilcher, J. R., Brown, D., & Hoper, S. T.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (US)
- Lincoln University (NZ)
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1321-1324
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2006797068
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 7.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.qub.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- dendrochronology, fossil fuel combustion, anthropogenic carbon, oak, cedar, British Isles, New Zealand, 18th-19th centuries, temporal variation
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