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Condensation of HNO3 and HCl in the winter polar stratospheres
Abstract
Nitric acid and hydrochloric acid vapors may condense in the winter polar stratospheres. Nitric acid clouds, unlike water ice clouds, would form at the temperatures at which polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are observed and would have optical depths of the magnitude observed suggesting that HNO 3 is a dominant component of PSCs. ClO, N 2 O 5 and ClNO 3 may react on cloud particle surfaces yielding additional HNO 3, HCl, and HOCL. In the vicinity of PSCs these reactions could deplete the stratosphere of photochemically active NO x species. The sedimentation of PSCs may remove these materials from the stratosphere. The loss of vapor phase NO x might allow halogen‐based chemistry to create the ozone hole.
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Citations
Cited by
Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and history
Solomon, S. (1999) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/1999rg900008 · Cited by 2,008
Free Radicals Within the Antarctic Vortex: The Role of CFCs in Antarctic Ozone Loss
Anderson, J. G., Toohey, D. W., & Brune, W. H. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.251.4989.39 · Cited by 444
The Detection of Large HNO 3 -Containing Particles in the Winter Arctic Stratosphere
Fahey, D. W., Gao, R. S., Carslaw, K. S., Kettleborough, J., Popp, P. J., Northway, M. J., Holecek, J. C., Ciciora, S. C., McLaughlin, R. J., Thompson, T. L., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1057265 · Cited by 287
Dye, J. E., Baumgardner, D., Gandrud, B. W., Kawa, S. R., Kelly, K. K., Loewenstein, M., Ferry, G. V., Chan, K. R., & Gary, B. L. (1992) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/91jd02740 · Cited by 259
Quantifying Denitrification and Its Effect on Ozone Recovery
Tabazadeh, A., Santee, M. L., Danilin, M. Y., Pumphrey, H. C., Newman, P. A., Hamill, P. J., & Mergenthaler, J. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5470.1407 · Cited by 165
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Metadata
- Authors
- Toon, O. B., Hamill, P., Turco, R. P., & Pinto, J.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1986-11
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1284-1287
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2165412911
- Cited by
- 504
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 35.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Condensation of HNO3 and HCl in the winter polar stratospheres. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1029/gl013i012p01284
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- Toon, O. B., Hamill, P., Turco, R. P., & Pinto, J. (1986). Condensation of HNO3 and HCl in the winter polar stratospheres. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/gl013i012p01284
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
