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Density and composition of mantle and core
Abstract
Two new density distributions are obtained, closely related to the seismic velocities. In the upper mantle and transition layer, density is assumed to be proportional to the velocity of compressional waves, with ratios consistent with experimental studies of rocks. In the lower mantle and core, the density variation is found by the Adams-Williamson method. The resulting densities in the lower mantle are found to be in good agreement with shock-wave measurements on rocks having FeO contents in the range 10±2% by weight, and may be accounted for in terms of mixtures of close-packed oxides, silica transforming to stishovite in the transition layer. Except for iron oxide, the chemical composition of the mantle is indeterminate. The density of the outer core is lower than that of iron by about 10%. The estimated density of the inner core, based on shock-wave measurements of metals and considerations of abundance, is no higher than 13.5 g/cm3.
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Citations
Cites
Age of meteorites and the Earth
Patterson, C. (1956) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(56)90036-9 · Cited by 559
Cited by
Origin and development of marginal basins in the western Pacific
Karig, D. E. (1971) · Journal of Geophysical Research · doi:10.1029/jb076i011p02542 · Cited by 1,035
The chemical composition of the Earth
Allègre, C. J., Poirier, J.-P., Humler, E., & Hofmann, A. W. (1995) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00123-t · Cited by 586
Hugoniot equation of state of twelve rocks
McQueen, R. G., Marsh, S. P., & Fritz, J. N. (1967) · Journal of Geophysical Research · doi:10.1029/jz072i020p04999 · Cited by 448
The origin of the moon and the early history of the earth—A chemical model. Part 2: The earth
O'Neill, H. S. C. (1991) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90169-6 · Cited by 348
Chemical composition of the Earth and the volatility control on planetary genetics
Allègre, C., Manhès, G., & Lewin, É. (2001) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00359-9 · Cited by 320
Metadata
- Authors
- Birch, F.
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1964-10-15
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 4377-4388
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040292903
- Cited by
- 646
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 14.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Birch, F. (1964). Density and composition of mantle and core. Journal of Geophysical Research. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz069i020p04377
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
