Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion.

Crockenberg, Susan, Litman, Cindy·1990·Developmental Psychology

Abstract

Ninety-five mothers and their 2-year-old children participated in a study of maternal control strategies and child autonomy as measured by children's defiant, compliant, and self-assertive behavior. Mothers and children were observed in a laboratory compliance task and at home at dinnertime.

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How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0012-1649.26.6.961
The paper
Crockenberg, S., & Litman, C. (1990). Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion. Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.26.6.961

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