Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion.
Crockenberg, Susan, Litman, Cindy·1990·Developmental Psychology
Abstract
Ninety-five mothers and their 2-year-old children participated in a study of maternal control strategies and child autonomy as measured by children's defiant, compliant, and self-assertive behavior. Mothers and children were observed in a laboratory compliance task and at home at dinnertime.
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- Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustmentCAMPBELL, SUSAN B., SHAW, DANIEL S., GILLIOM, MILES · 2000 · Development and Psychopathology
- The Development of Self-Regulation in the First Four Years of LifeKochanska, Grazyna, Coy, Katherine C, Murray, Kathleen T · 2001 · Child Development
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0012-1649.26.6.961
- The paper
- Crockenberg, S., & Litman, C. (1990). Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion. Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.26.6.961
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