Self-esteem, similarity, and reactions to active versus passive downward comparison.

Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that both high and low self-esteem persons engage in downward social comparison, but do so in different ways

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1. Models of the self: Self-construals and gender.
   Susan E. Cross, Laura Madson · 1997 · Psychological Bulletin
2. Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation.
   Gibbons, Frederick X., Buunk, Bram P. · 1999 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
3. For better or worse: The impact of upward social comparison on self-evaluations
   Collins, Rebecca L. · 1996 · Psychological Bulletin
4. Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others.
   Fein, Steven, Spencer, Steven J. · 1997 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
5. Self-Evaluation: To Thine Own Self Be Good, To Thine Own Self Be Sure, To Thine Own Self Be True, and To Thine Own Self be Better
   Sedikides, Constantine, Strube, Michael J. · 1997 · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

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