So you think gestures are nonverbal?
Abstract
In this article I argue that gestures and speech are parts of the same psychological structure and share a computational stage. The argument is based on the very close temporal, semantic, pragmatic, pathological, and developmental parallels between speech and referential and discourse-oriented gestures. Most of the article consists of a description of these parallels. A concept that unites outer speech and gesture is the hypothesis of inner speech.
Cites (2)
- Thought and languageVygotsky, L. S. · 1964 · Bulletin of the Orton Society
- The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and CodingEKMAN, PAUL, FRIESEN, WALLACE V. · 1969 · Semiotica
Cited by (17)
- Learning by Expanding: An Activity-Theoretical Approach to Developmental ResearchEngeström, Yrjö · 2014 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Describing one’s subjective experience in the second person: An interview method for the science of consciousnessPetitmengin, Claire · 2006 · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
- The Evolution of LanguageFitch, W. Tecumseh · 2010
- Findings from observational studies of collaborative workTang, John C. · 1991 · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
- The local constitution of multimodal resources for social interactionMondada, Lorenza · 2014 · Journal of Pragmatics
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: So you think gestures are nonverbal? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0033-295x.92.3.350
- The paper
- McNeill, D. M. (1985). So you think gestures are nonverbal? Psychological Review. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.92.3.350
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.