So you think gestures are nonverbal?

David M. McNeill·1985·Psychological Review

Abstract

In this article I argue that gestures and speech are parts of the same psychological structure and share a computational stage. The argument is based on the very close temporal, semantic, pragmatic, pathological, and developmental parallels between speech and referential and discourse-oriented gestures. Most of the article consists of a description of these parallels. A concept that unites outer speech and gesture is the hypothesis of inner speech.

Cites (2)

  1. Thought and language
    Vygotsky, L. S. · 1964 · Bulletin of the Orton Society
  2. The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding
    EKMAN, PAUL, FRIESEN, WALLACE V. · 1969 · Semiotica

Show all 2 references

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    Petitmengin, Claire · 2006 · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
  3. The Evolution of Language
    Fitch, W. Tecumseh · 2010
  4. Findings from observational studies of collaborative work
    Tang, John C. · 1991 · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
  5. The local constitution of multimodal resources for social interaction
    Mondada, Lorenza · 2014 · Journal of Pragmatics

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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: So you think gestures are nonverbal? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0033-295x.92.3.350
The paper
McNeill, D. M. (1985). So you think gestures are nonverbal? Psychological Review. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.92.3.350

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