Education and distributive justice: Some reflections on grading systems.
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Students depend on grades because grades are determined by an external source and students have limited control over the quality of the grade, grading being explicitly or implicitly normative.
“students depend on grades (Covington & Mu ¨eller, 2001), as grades are determined by an external source and students have limited control over the quality of the grade, grading being explicitly or implicitly normative in nature (Deutsch, 1979; Thorndike, 1913)”
From Why grades engender performance-avoidance goals: The mediating role of autonomous motivation. (2011) · cites this paper as Deutsch, 1979
Grades have a manifest function as a tool of socialization used to prepare students for the competitive, meritocratic world of adult professional life.
“Deutsch (1979), who posited that grades have a manifest function as a tool of socialization used to prepare students for the competitive, meritocratic world of adult professional life.”
From Why grades engender performance-avoidance goals: The mediating role of autonomous motivation. (2011) · cites this paper as Deutsch, 1979
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Ertinger, M. (2003)
- Authors
- Deutsch, M.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deutsch, Morton
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 391-401
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W1978981303
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- grading system, distributive justice, educational equity, student assessment, grading practices
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