Most of the subjects were white and middle class: trends in published research on African Americans in selected APA journals, 1970–1989
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Participants were greeted by a laboratory assistant of the same ethnicity and gender to reduce cross-ethnicity experimenter effects.
“To maximize participant comfort and reduce the likelihood of cross-ethnicity experimenter effects, each participant was greeted by a laboratory assistant of the same ethnicity and gender as the participant (Graham, 1992; Marin & Marin, 1991).”
From Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines. (2008) · cites this paper as Graham, 1992
Cites
How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement
Jensen, A. (1969) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.39.1.l3u15956627424k7 · Cited by 2,907 · see citing works
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Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for Education Research
Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2002) · Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.1177/107780040200800103 · Cited by 4,257 · see citing works
Racial Inequality in Psychological Research: Trends of the Past and Recommendations for the Future
Roberts, S. O., Bareket-Shavit, C., Dollins, F. A., Goldie, P. D., & Mortenson, E. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620927709 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
Canty-Mitchell, J., & Zimet, G. D. (2000) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1005109522457 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Development of Achievement Motivation and Engagement
Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. S., Fredricks, J. A., Simpkins, S., Roeser, R. W., & Schiefele, U. (2015) · Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy316 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Cohen, A. B. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0015308 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines.
Roberts, N. A., Levenson, R. W., & Gross, J. J. (2008) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.06.003 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Diversity in randomized clinical trials of depression: A 36-year review
Polo, A. J., Makol, B. A., Castro, A. S., Colón-Quintana, N., Wagstaff, A. E., & Guo, S. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.09.004 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Williams, J. L., & Deutsch, N. L. (2016) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2015.1113880 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Pollet, T. V., & Saxton, T. K. (2019) · Evolutionary Psychological Science · doi:10.1007/s40806-019-00192-2 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Single-case experimental research designs.
Kazdin, A. E. (2015) · Methodological issues and strategies in clinical research (4th ed.). · doi:10.1037/14805-029 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Graham, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Graham, Sandra
- ORCID
- Graham, Sandra
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1992-05
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 629-639
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2120423663
- Cited by
- 595
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 26.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
- Keywords
- African Americans, sample composition, middle-class bias, APA journals, research trends
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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