Many forms of culture.
Abstract
Psychologists interested in culture have focused primarily on East-West differences in individualism-collectivism, or independent-interdependent self-construal. As important as this dimension is, there are many other forms of culture with many dimensions of cultural variability. Selecting from among the many understudied cultures in psychology, the author considers three kinds of cultures: religion, socioeconomic status, and region within a country. These cultures vary in a number of psychologically interesting ways. By studying more types of culture, psychologists stand to enrich how they define culture, how they think about universality and cultural specificity, their views of multiculturalism, how they do research on culture, and what dimensions of culture they study. Broadening the study of culture will have far-reaching implications for clinical issues, intergroup relations, and applied domains.
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Religion itself has the defining characteristics to be considered a culture, and various religions differ in many ways along culturally-relevant dimensions.
“Cohen (2009) argues that religion, itself, has the defining characteristics to be considered a culture, and that various religions differ in many ways along culturally-relevant dimensions.”
From Advancing our understanding of religion and spirituality in the context of behavioral medicine (2017) · cites this paper as Cohen (2009)
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- Authors
- Cohen, A. B.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cohen, Adam B.
- ORCID
- Cohen, Adam B.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 194-204
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W1971969367
- Cited by
- 589
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 48.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- cultural diversity, individualism-collectivism, self-construal, socioeconomic status, regional variation, cultural universality, cultural specificity, multiculturalism, intergroup relations, clinical psychology
- MeSH terms
- Culture, Humans, Religion and Psychology, Social Class, Social Identification, Socioeconomic Factors, Cultural Competency
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