Links between sex-typed time use in middle childhood and gender development in early adolescence
Abstract
The authors studied sex-typing in the kinds (e.g., sports, handicrafts) and social contexts (same- vs. other-sex companions) of children's free time activities, and the links between sex-typed activities and gender development over 2 years. Participants were 200 White, working- and middle-class children (103 girls, 97 boys; mean age = 10.86 years). In annual home interviews, children rated their self-esteem, gender role attitudes and sex-typed personality qualities, academic interests, and school grades. During 7 nightly phone interviews each year, children reported on their activities. Boys were more sex-typed than girls in their peer activities, and children were least sex-typed in their activities with siblings. Sex-typed activities in middle childhood predicted individual differences in gender development in early adolescence.
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Children's preferences for gender-typed activities emerge during the first year of life and continue into late childhood.
“Children ' s preferences for gender-typed activities (e.g., balls vs dolls) emerge during the fi rst year of life and continue into late childhood (McHale et al., 2004).”
From Gender and Education (2015) · cites this paper as McHale et al., 2004
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- Authors
- McHale, S. M., Kim, J.-Y., Whiteman, S., & Crouter, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 868-881
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W2028053395
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD32336-02, R01HD032336, R01HD029409, R01-HD29409)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- gender development, middle childhood, early adolescence, leisure, gender role attitudes, self-esteem, peer activities, student learning interest, school grades
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Educational Status, Family, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Peer Group, Personality Assessment, Psychosexual Development, Self Concept, Social Environment, Socialization, Statistics as Topic, Stereotyped Behavior
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