The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stepping through the drug use sequence: Longitudinal scalogram analysis of initiation and regular use.
Abstract
Using a new technique for tracing the sequence of use over time, this study examined the pattern of drug involvement among 4,145 West Coast adolescents over the 4-year span from Grades 7-10. During the period covered, the mid- to late 1980s, we found no evidence that cocaine has become a gateway drug. However, the data provided some support for treating cocaine initiation as a separate stage that precedes the onset of hard drugs other than pills. The analysis also showed that increased involvement with legal drugs constitutes an important step in the transition to hard drug use for most adolescents. Weekly alcohol use followed marijuana use and preceded use of all other illicit drugs for Hispanic, White, and Black youth. However, it followed use of hard drugs for Asians. Weekly smoking formed a distinct stage between initial use of pills and other hard drugs for non-Hispanic Whites. The results underscore the importance of prevention efforts aimed at curbing the transition to regular use of alcohol and cigarettes, as well as their initial use.
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“Studies have found that smokers are much more likely to use alcohol and vice versa (45).”
Citations
Cites
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995
The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.
Triandis, H. C. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.3.506 · Cited by 5,019
Techniques of attitude scale construction.
Edwards, A. L. (1957) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · doi:10.1037/14423-000 · Cited by 1,670
A Basis for Scaling Qualitative Data
Guttman, L. (1944) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2086306 · Cited by 1,333
Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use
Kandel, D. B. (1975) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188374 · Cited by 1,099
Developmental changes in conformity to peers and parents.
Berndt, T. J. (1979) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.15.6.608 · Cited by 905
Antecedents of adolescent initiation into stages of drug use: A developmental analysis
Kandel, D. B., Kessler, R. C., & Margulies, R. Z. (1978) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01538684 · Cited by 759
Bachman, J. G., Wallace, J. M., O'Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., Kurth, C. L., & Neighbors, H. W. (1991) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.81.3.372 · Cited by 545
Drug Prevention in Junior High: A Multi-Site Longitudinal Test
Ellickson, P. L., & Bell, R. M. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2180065 · Cited by 429
Self-citationOn Processes of Peer Influences in Adolescent Drug Use:
Kandel, D. B. (1985) · Advances in Alcohol & Substance Abuse · doi:10.1300/j251v04n03_07 · Cited by 422
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Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.4.558 · Cited by 3,605
Sequence Analysis: New Methods for Old Ideas
Abbott, A. (1995) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.21.080195.000521 · Cited by 1,108
Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls
Lynskey, M. T., Heath, A. C., Bucholz, K. K., Slutske, W. S., Madden, P. A. F., Nelson, E. C., Statham, D. J., & Martin, N. G. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.4.427 · Cited by 656
Ten-Year Prospective Study of Public Health Problems Associated With Early Drinking
Ellickson, P. L., Tucker, J. S., & Klein, D. J. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.5.949 · Cited by 417
Self-citation(2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.3.360 · Cited by 413
Metadata
- Authors
- Ellickson, P. L., Hays, R. D., & Bell, R. M.
- Affiliations
- RAND Corporation (US)
- ORCID
- Hays, Ron D.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 1992-08
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 441-451
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W1999290407
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- gateway drugs, cocaine, adolescent drug use, hard drug use, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, cigarette smoking, ethnic differences, substance use prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, California, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Personality Development, Psychotropic Drugs, Illicit Drugs, Incidence, Substance-Related Disorders
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