Cited by 250Reliability and Agreement in MeasurementManagement and Performance EvaluationHuman Resource Development and Performance Evaluation

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Rater bias in performance ratings: Superior, self-, and peer ratings.

Holzbach, Robert L.·1978·Journal of Applied Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.63.5.579

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Abstract

Leniency errors, halo effects, and differential dimensionality were explored in an analysis of superior, self-, and peer performance ratings of 107 managerial and 76 professional employees in a medium-sized manufacturing location, representing 95% of the managerial and professional staff. Self-ratin

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Authors: Holzbach, R. L.
Corresponding author: Holzbach, Robert L.
Venue: Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1978-10
Volume: 63
Issue: 5
Pages: 579-588
ISSN: 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
1939-1854
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.63.5.579
OpenAlex: W1969548676
Cited by: 249
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 10.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Performance Evaluation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
Keywords: rater bias, performance ratings, self-ratings, peer ratings, leniency effect, halo effect, managers, working professionals, manufacturing workforce

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Rater bias in performance ratings: Superior, self-, and peer ratings.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources