CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,294Mental Health via WritingPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionArt Therapy and Mental Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables

Smyth, Joshua M.·1998·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.174
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A research synthesis was conducted to examine the relationship between a written emotional expression task and subsequent health. This writing task was found to lead to significantly improved health outcomes in healthy participants. Health was enhanced in 4 outcome types--reported physical health, psychological well-being, physiological functioning, and general functioning--but health behaviors were not influenced. Writing also increased immediate (pre- to postwriting) distress, which was unrelated to health outcomes. The relation between written emotional expression and health was moderated by a number of variables, including the use of college students as participants, gender, duration of the manipulation, publication status of the study, and specific writing content instructions.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.174

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 901–940 of 940

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Smyth, J. M.
Affiliations
State University of New York (US)
Corresponding author
Smyth, Joshua M.
ORCID
Smyth, Joshua M.
Venue
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1998
Volume
66
Issue
1
Pages
174-184
ISSN
  • 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-2117
DOI
10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.174
OpenAlex
W2064411548
Cited by
1,294
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 44 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 71
FWCI
42.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Art Therapy and Mental Health
Keywords
expressive writing, health outcomes, physical health, psychological well-being, physiological function, general functioning, health behavior, distress, moderators, gender differences, publication status, university students
MeSH terms
Affect, Health Status, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Health, Stress, Psychological, Writing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review