Cited by 1,294Mental Health via WritingPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionArt Therapy and Mental Health

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Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables

Smyth, Joshua M.·1998·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Abstract

A research synthesis was conducted to examine the relationship between a written emotional expression task and subsequent health. This writing task was found to lead to significantly improved health outcomes in healthy participants. Health was enhanced in 4 outcome types--reported physical health, psychological well-being, physiological functioning, and general functioning--but health behaviors were not influenced. Writing also increased immediate (pre- to postwriting) distress, which was unrelated to health outcomes. The relation between written emotional expression and health was moderated by a number of variables, including the use of college students as participants, gender, duration of the manipulation, publication status of the study, and specific writing content instructions.

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Authors: Smyth, J. M.
Affiliations: State University of New York (US)
Corresponding author: Smyth, Joshua M.
ORCID: Smyth, Joshua M.
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1998
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 174-184
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.174
OpenAlex: W2064411548
Cited by: 1,294
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 44 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 71
FWCI: 42.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Art Therapy and Mental Health
Keywords: expressive writing, health outcomes, physical health, psychological well-being, physiological function, general functioning, health behavior, distress, moderators, gender differences, publication status, university students
MeSH terms: Affect, Health Status, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Health, Stress, Psychological, Writing

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Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables

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