Cited by 3,199Qualitative Research Methods and ApplicationsQualitative Research Methods and EthicsEducational Research and Methods

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Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology.

Morrow, Susan L.·2005·Journal of Counseling Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.250

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Abstract

This article examines concepts of the trustworthiness, or credibility, of qualitative research. Following a “researcher-as-instrument,” or self-reflective, statement, the paradigmatic underpinnings of various criteria for judging the quality of qualitative research are explored, setting the stage for a discussion of more transcendent standards (those not associated with specific paradigms) for conducting quality research: social validity, subjectivity and reflexivity, adequacy of data, and adequacy of interpretation. Finally, current guidelines for writing and publishing qualitative research are reviewed, and strategies for conducting and writing qualitative research reports are suggested. Qualitative research, ensuing from a variety of disciplines, paradigms, and epistemologies, embraces multiple standards of quality, known variously as validity, credibility, rigor ,o rtrustworthiness. In addition to some standards that may be thought of as somewhat universal across disciplines and paradigms, the “goodness” (Morrow & Smith, 2000) of qualitative inquiry is assessed on the basis of the paradigmatic underpinnings of the research and the standards of the discipline. Thus, a grounded theory study or a consensual qualitative research investigation in counseling psychology that is rooted in a postpositivist or constructivist/interpretivist paradigm will look quite different from a critical ethnography in education; and the standards appropriate for evaluating these studies will vary accordingly. I begin this article by addressing the paradigmatic underpinnings of trustworthiness or rigor in qualitative research. Next, I discuss central topics related to trustworthiness or validity that span paradigms and may be thought of as relevant across most research designs. I then provide an overview of guidelines that have been suggested for evaluating qualitative research, particularly in psychology. Finally, I offer recommendations for enhancing the quality of qualitative research in counseling psychology and suggest strategies for writing and publishing. First, however, in keeping with the standard of reflexivity as a way for researchers to inform their audiences about their perspectives as well as to manage their subjectivities, I describe my own assumptions about qualitative research methodology and quality.

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A qualitative analysis of employer perspectives on the hiring and employment of adults with autism spectrum disorder
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Overcoming “You Can Ask My Mom”: Clinical Arts-Based Perspectives to Include Children Under 12 in Mental Health Research
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“Even if our approach was to silence our personal voice as much as possible in the interview, being non-directive and bracketing (Morrow, 2005) our preconceptions to give the greatest possible space of expression to the child, there is a relational aspect to interviews that involves the researcher.”
Background
Toward a co-Creation framework for developing a green sports event brand: the case of the 2018 Zürich E Prix
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“Such a triangulation method is to improve the credibility and dependability of the study (Golafshani, 2003; Morrow, 2005).”
Method
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“In preparing this article, we sought to represent the perspectives of a wide array of participants and, in particular, to highlight variation.(45) To protect confidentiality, nonessential identifying details have been removed or changed where these could compromise participant privacy.”
Background
Refugees’ Meaning of Work: A Qualitative Investigation of Work Purposes and Expectations
Fedrigo, L., Cerantola, M., Brazier, C. É., & Masdonati, J. (2021) · Journal of Career Development · doi:10.1177/08948453211066343 · Cited by 20
“Considering the exploratory nature of this study, we favored a qualitative design grounded in a postpositivist paradigm (Morrow, 2005; Ponterotto, 2005).”
Method
Role of social, cultural and symbolic capital for youth and community wellbeing in a rural Alaska Native community
Philip, J., Newman, J., Bifelt, J., Brooks, C., & Rivkin, I. (2022) · Children and youth services review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106459 · Cited by 23
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“Additionally, the authors and the coding team bracketed their assumptions at the beginning of the data analysis as an attempt to achieve trustworthiness (Morrow, 2005).”
Background
Lurking with intent: Teacher purposeful learning using facebook
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“We specifically attended to the following criteria for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research: social validity, subjectivity and reflexivity, adequacy of the data, and adequacy of interpretation (Morrow, 2005).”
Method
Perceived Impact of the Parental Rights in Education Act (“Don’t Say Gay”) on LGBTQ+ Parents in Florida
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“In our presentation of ﬁ ndings, we aimed for thick descriptions — in-depth and contextually-based descriptions — as well as meaningful and appropriate use of quotations to illustrate key concepts (Lincoln et al., 1985; Morrow, 2005).”
A Grounded Theory Study of Supervision of Preservice Consultation Training
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Use of Photovoice in Processing Race-Based Topics in a Multicultural Counseling Course
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Cultural values, coping, and hope in Yup'ik communities facing rapid cultural change
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Authors: Morrow, S. L.
Affiliations: University of Utah (US)
Corresponding author: Morrow, Susan L.
ORCID: Morrow, Susan L.
Venue: Journal of Counseling Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2005-04
Volume: 52
Issue: 2
Pages: 250-260
ISSN: 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
1939-2168
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.250
OpenAlex: W2017532745
Cited by: 3,199
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 142 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 205 · 2023: 197 · 2022: 199 · 2021: 255 · 2020: 226 · 2019: 192 · 2018: 227 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 192 · 2015: 193 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 150 · 2012: 109
FWCI: 162.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
Keywords: trustworthiness, credibility, qualitative research quality, research paradigms, reflexivity, subjectivity, social validity, qualitative research reporting, constructivist approach, interpretivism, counseling psychology research

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Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology.

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