Cited by 1,237Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionPersonality Traits and PsychologyPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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The authentic personality: a theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the authenticity scale

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Wood, Alex M., Linley, P. Alex, Maltby, John, Baliousis, Michael, Joseph, Stephen·2008·Journal of Counseling Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385

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Abstract

This article describes the development of a measure of dispositional authenticity and tests whether authenticity is related to well-being, as predicted by several counseling psychology perspectives. Scales were designed to measure a tripartite conception of authenticity, comprising self-alienation, authentic living, and accepting external influence, which was supported with exploratory factor analysis. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings were invariant across sample, ethnicity, and gender. The scale showed substantial discriminant validity from the Big Five personality traits, nonsignificant correlations with social desirability, and 2- and 4-week test-retest correlations ranging from r = .78 to .91. Each subscale was strongly related to self-esteem and aspects of both subjective and psychological well-being. This article provides the first direct test of several theoretical models that view authenticity as integral to well-being.

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Authors: Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M., & Joseph, S.
Affiliations: University of Manchester (GB)
Coventry (United Kingdom) (GB)
University of Leicester (GB)
University of Nottingham (GB)
ORCID: Wood, Alex M.
Maltby, John
Baliousis, Michael
Joseph, Stephen
Venue: Journal of Counseling Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008-07
Volume: 55
Issue: 3
Pages: 385-399
ISSN: 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
1939-2168
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385
OpenAlex: W2127184359
Cited by: 1,237
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 102 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 21.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.manchester.ac.uk
Locations: Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Warwick
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Authenticity Scale, self-alienation, authentic living, psychological well-being, subjective well-being, self-esteem, Big Five personality traits, scale development, measurement invariance, test-retest reliability, social desirability

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The authentic personality: a theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the authenticity scale

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