Cited by 3,072Emotions and Moral BehaviorPersonality Traits and PsychologySocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Emotion knowledge: further exploration of a prototype approach

Shaver, Phillip, Schwartz, Judith, Kirson, Donald, O'Connor, Cary·1987·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

Recent work on natural categories suggests a framework for conceptualizing people's knowledge about emotions. Categories of natural objects or events, including emotions, are formed as a result of repeated experiences and become organized around prototypes (Rosch, 1978); the interrelated set of emotion categories becomes organized within an abstract-to-concrete hierarchy. At the basic level of the emotion hierarchy one finds the handful of concepts (love, joy, anger, sadness, fear, and perhaps, surprise) most useful for making everyday distinctions among emotions, and these overlap substantially with the examples mentioned most readily when people are asked to name emotions (Fehr & Russell, 1984), with the emotions children learn to name first (Bretherton & Beeghly, 1982), and with what theorists have called basic or primary emotions. This article reports two studies, one exploring the hierarchical organization of emotion concepts and one specifying the prototypes, or scripts, of five basic emotions, and it shows how the prototype approach might be used in the future to investigate the processing of information about emotional events, cross-cultural differences in emotion concepts, and the development of emotion knowledge.

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Authors: Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O'Connor, C.
ORCID: Shaver, Phillip
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1987
Volume: 52
Issue: 6
Pages: 1061-1086
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061
OpenAlex: W4256441345
Cited by: 3,072
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 96 · 2025: 119 · 2024: 146 · 2023: 173 · 2022: 129 · 2021: 144 · 2020: 147 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 126 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 116 · 2015: 119 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 111
FWCI: 33.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH39298)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: emotional understanding, prototype approach, emotion concepts, emotion cognition
MeSH terms: Adult, Arousal, Concept Formation, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Semantics, Set, Psychology

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Emotion knowledge: further exploration of a prototype approach

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

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