Cited by 723Social and Intergroup PsychologyAging and Gerontology ResearchPsychology of Social Influence

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Aging and susceptibility to attitude change.

Krosnick, Jon A., Alwin, Duane F.·1989·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Two hypotheses about the relation between age and susceptibility to attitude change were tested. The impressionable years hypothesis proposes that individuals are highly susceptible to attitude change during late adolescence and early adulthood and that susceptibility drops precipitously immediately thereafter and remains low throughout the rest of the life cycle. The increasing persistence hypothesis proposes that people become gradually more resistant to change throughout their lives. Structural equation models were applied to data from the 1956-1960, 1972-1976, and 1980 National Election Panel Studies in order to estimate the stability of political attitudes and unreliability in measures of them. The results support the impressionable years hypothesis and disconfirm the increasing persistence hypothesis. A decrease in the over-time consistency of attitude reports among 66- to 83-year-olds was found to be due to increased random measurement error in their reports, not to increased attitude change.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.416

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 501–582 of 582

List of Tables
(2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199246742.001.0001.002.009
Contributors
(2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199246742.001.0001.002.010
List of Figures
(2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199246742.001.0001.002.008
Dedication
(2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199246742.001.0001.002.005
Copyright Page
(2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199246742.001.0001.002.004
A Shock to the System: Analyzing Ethnocentric Populist Support Before and After Crises
Shin, K. C. (2022) · doi:10.33915/etd.11320
Not always a Panacea: History education and identity-building in TaiwanPreprint
Hong, J. J., & Lyu, Y. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4198676
UNDERSTANDING ERP POST-IMPLEMENTATION CONTINUOUS LEARNING:EXPLORING THE MODERATING ROLE OF AGE
(2022) · Issues in Information Systems · doi:10.48009/1_iis_2022_104
Determinan Protokol Jaga Jarak pada Usia Dewasa berdasarkan Reasoned Action Approach
Rahmadianti, S., & Kurniawan, A. (2022) · Buletin Riset Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM) · doi:10.20473/brpkm.v2i1.34535
Examining the Temporal Stability of Evaluative Attitudes Toward Violence
Fraser, J. (2022) · doi:10.22215/etd/2022-15181
Engaging Students in Lived Civics, the Social Contract & Public LifePreprint
Epstein, B., & Andolina, M. W. (2023) · doi:10.33774/apsa-2023-kn6bf
Nation Branding and Its Roles in Shaping Domestic Travel Behaviour: A New Zealand Perspective
Sherborne, M. (2023) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.22188196
Influence of political movement on fields of study: Evidence from Hong Kong
Zhou, Y. (2023) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102417
Make your own luck: The wage gains from starting college in a bad economy
Bičáková, A., Cortés, G. M., & Mazza, J. (2023) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102411 · Cited by 2
The Crafting of Pre-service Special Education Teachers’ Perceptions of Problem Behavior: a Post-intentional Phenomenological Study
Gilbert, J. (2023) · doi:10.30707/etd2023.20230711063201290839.999981
When Authoritarian Legacies Matter: Constructive and Blind National Pride and Voter Turnout in New Democracies
Kim, G., & Lee, J. M. (2023) · Journal of East Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/jea.2023.13
Exploring What MilleniGenz Think About Range of Social Issues
Hanink, P. A. (2023) · JCSCORE · doi:10.15763/issn.2642-2387.2023.9.2.17-50
Intergenerational Transmission of Welfare Benefit Receipt: Evidence from GermanyPreprint
Feichtmayer, J. E., & Riphahn, R. T. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4671551
Trust a Few: Natural Disasters and the Formation of Trust in AfricaPreprint
MacKay, R. S., Mavisakalyan, A., & Tarverdi, Y. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4672385
Ciudadanos y partidos en el sur de Europa
Torcal, M., Gibert, J. R. M., & Günther, R. (2024) · Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas · doi:10.5477/cis/reis.101.9
Does Experiencing Violent Crimes Matter for Social Capital and Political Behavior?Preprint
Troiano, U. A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4753305
Moving Out of the Comfort Zone: How Cultural Norms Affect Attitudes Toward ImmigrationPreprint
Giesing, Y., Kauder, B., Mergele, L., Potrafke, N., & Poutvaara, P. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4756066
Intergenerational Transmission of Welfare Benefit Receipt: Evidence from Germany
Riphahn, R. T., & Feichtmayer, J. E. (2024) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/roiw.12680
Life-Course Transitions and Political OrientationsPreprint
Keskintürk, T. (2024) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/rk47w
Defending the Fortress: How Asset Ownership Shapes the Desire to Resist Foreign AggressionPreprint
Brännlund, A., & Weckman, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4861246
Cultural and Personal Values and Consumer Well-Being
Sönmez, F. (2024) · International series on consumer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59144-0_7
Intergenerational Methods for Processing Art to Understand Challenging Topics (The IMPACT Study): Addiction
Bayne, K., Virani, P., Gittleman, I., Prusin, T., Hall, F., & Hackney, M. E. (2024) · Journal of Intergenerational Relationships · doi:10.1080/15350770.2024.2379315
The Formation and Resilience of Law-Abiding Attitudes under Authoritarianism: The Case of Russia
Hendley, K., & Murrell, P. (2024) · Comparative Politics · doi:10.5129/001041524x17217489713832
The Double-Edged Impact of Brand Activism on Prosocial BehaviorPreprint
Edelblum, A. B., Dagogo-Jack, S. W., & Dunn, L. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4751586/v1 · Cited by 1
The Effect of CEO Climate Impact Awareness on Corporate Carbon EmissionsPreprint
Zhang, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4959631
Trends in Gender Identity Centrality Among Men and Women Across Generations: Distinguishing Ageing, Cohort and Period EffectsPreprint
Cone, D. H., Zubielevitch, E., Sibley, C. G., & Osborne, D. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5066731
Youth Reeducated: The Economic Preference Impacts of China's Sent-Down MovementPreprint
Ball, S. B., Ge, S., Smith, A. J., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5144933
Political Socialization and Social NetworksPreprint
Feldman, S., Hjerm, M., Nilsson, W., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5220974
The long-term effect of early-life war exposure on prosocial preference: Evidence from the Korean War
Jung, D., & Kim, S. H. (2025) · Journal of Asian Economics · doi:10.1016/j.asieco.2025.101943
Endogenous Green PreferencesPreprint
Vora, R., & Zappalà, G. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5250988
Trust in Unions and Employee Well‐Being in Japanese Firms
Noda, T. (2025) · Scottish Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1111/sjpe.70015
Early labor market experience and preferences for social spending: the impact of occupational exposure to foreign demand
Poltier, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2025.1577352
Unmasking stigma: Understanding psychosocial distance toward pandemic-recovered individuals and lessons for future pandemics
Li, X., & Guo, X. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118419
Politicians' Ideology, State Intervention, and Corporate Taxation
Ke, N., Shevlin, T. J., Wang, D., & Yan, W. (2019) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2022.03268 · Cited by 2
Rising Educational Divides in Attitudes: How Polarization across Cohorts Can Mask Age-Related Polarization
Kratz, F. (2025) · Sociological Science · doi:10.15195/v12.a21
Employing youth during the coronavirus pandemic is a good investment
Grogan, L. A., & Costanzo, L. (2020) · doi:10.64628/aam.pgp5v3rsm
From Repression to Participation: Pre-Migratory Political Socialization among North Koreans in South Korea
Kim, T., & Ishiyama, J. (2025) · Asian Studies Review · doi:10.1080/10357823.2025.2541345
Long‐term effects of economic depressions on wealth
Angelini, V., & Ferrari, I. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/sjoe.12603
One for all: how collectivist culture drives corporate charitable donations in China
Zhang, T., & Cai, Y. (2025) · Applied Economics Letters · doi:10.1080/13504851.2025.2548961
Support for adaptation in culturally and linguistically diverse communities
Hansen, A. L., Hanson‐Easey, S., & Bi, P. (2015) · CSIRO Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1071/9781486302536-ch09
Growing up Under Mao and Deng: On Politician Ideology and Corporate Policies
Liang, H., Wang, R., & Zhu, H. (2025) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2022.01745
From early trauma to later leadership: Parents’ workplace safety incidents and children’s later leader emergence
Grocutt, A., & Barling, J. I. (2025) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2025.101899
Top executives’ military experiences, economic policy uncertainty, business strategy, and corporate social responsibilities
Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Li, Y., & Sun, W. (2025) · Economic Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.eap.2025.12.028
Impressionable Years: Economic Trend and Millennials’ Attitudes towards the EU
Baggetta, C., Cerruti, G., & Santagata, M. (2025) · Economia Internazionale / International Economics · doi:10.65644/eiie.078.03.0337
From Past to Present: How Recessions Shape Job Loss Perceptions in Europe
Σίντος, Α., & Chletsos, M. (2025) · Scottish Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1111/sjpe.70043
Electoral consequences of hate speech on social media: The case of the presidential election in Brazil
Maia, A. G., & Menezes, E. (2025) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103299
Survey questionnaire
Kosnáč, P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26629-4.00112-x
Youth reeducated: The economic preference impacts of China’s sent-down movement
Ball, S., Ge, S.-Q., Smith, A., Wang, W., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107496
Autoritarisme, dominance sociale et préjugés intergroupes : le rôle de la socialisation en groupe dans un environnement normatif policier
Gatto, J. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a1136a48zb70az497bza631z2045456fbad7
Comparer sa consommation d'électricité à celle d'autrui : perspectives temporelles, habitudes et feedbacks
Conte, J. L. (2014) · doi:10.70675/b050041az330fz41ceza22fz97d9a7cf2750
Cultural dimensions, investment strategies and economic freedom : international evidence
Karagiannis, K. (2019) · doi:10.70675/1e38aa98z856cz4d9cz8094zca0d7837acbc
Social trust and markets: does regulation undermine the social foundation of exchange?
Calcagno, P. T., & Jackson, J. J. (2026) · Journal of Regulatory Economics · doi:10.1007/s11149-026-09512-4
Préférences, santé mentale, décisions d’assurance santé et inégalités dans le recours aux soins des jeunes adultes en France
Mignon, D. (2020) · doi:10.70675/8a404c46z4c16z4292z9e1fz356ca077176f
La compétence globale chez les élèves scolarisés aux Émirats Arabes Unis et leur contexte de scolarisation
Mazarin, L. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/79e00df3z7e37z4a63zb187z9d17884c217c
AI-Driven Assessment of Political Participation Patterns Among Tribal Communities
Tiwari, C. S., Chhura, B., Sabar, N., et al. (2026) · International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM) · doi:10.1109/iciptm69057.2026.11466061
Equal in Private, Unequal in Public? Coeducation and Sexism in the Soviet Union
Giani, M., & Krzysztof, K. (2026) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/741810
Colombia’s Missing Fiscal Pact: The Political and Cultural Foundations of Weak Taxation
Fergusson, L. (2026) · Economía · doi:10.31389/eco.478
The enduring impact of democracy on political behaviour: voting on European integration in the European Parliament
Ceron, M., Fazio, A., & Scervini, F. (2026) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2026.2664589
Impressions for a lifetime: youth exposure to immigration and anti-immigrant sentiment in Germany
Mazza, J., Mendola, M., & Scipioni, M. (2026) · Journal of Demographic Economics · doi:10.1017/dem.2026.10022
What shapes environmental attitudes? Unveiling ethnicity’s role in environmental-economic decisions in Estonia and Latvia
Tung, S. (2026) · Journal of Baltic Studies · doi:10.1080/01629778.2026.2665623
Explaining attitudes towards nuclear energy in Italy: disentangling key drivers in a joint framework
Aina, C., Baici, E., & Poy, S. (2026) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115392
Universalism: an 11‐year longitudinal study
Bangum, C. T., Geys, B., & Sørensen, R. J. (2026) · Economica · doi:10.1111/ecca.70058
Rewriting the Imprint: How #MeToo Led CEOs From Male-Dominant Cultures to Increase Gender Equality
Mueller, M. J., & Reus, T. H. (2026) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063261449761
Socialising effects of recession and issue salience on environmental attitudes
Yoda, H. (2026) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2026.103102
Shaping Environmental Attitudes Through Distributive Justice: Evidence from the 2021 European Floods and Implications for Youth
Bulut, H., & Samuel, R. (2026) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-026-00475-7
Politics or Platform: How Social Identity and News Consumption Shaped Perceptions of U.S. University Pro-Palestine Encampment Protests
Butler, M., Larson, A., & Ibrahim, D. (2026) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10776990261460443
Learning to trust immigrants: Testing a game-based experiential role-playing intervention in the United States
Bouchillon, B. C. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101210
Early-life institutional shocks and household entrepreneurship: evidence from China’s Send-Down Movement
Liu, Y., & Wang, W. (2026) · Economic Change and Restructuring · doi:10.1007/s10644-026-10050-4
“Nothing else matters?” Salience differences between young and old
Mitteregger, R. (2026) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773926100617
Scarred by nature: How early exposure to natural disasters shapes risk attitudes
Gavresi, D., & Sintos, A. (2026) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2026.107506
When Attitudes Aren’t Enough: Capability, Conviction, and Whistleblowing Intent in Taiwan’s Public Sector
Lin, R.-C. (2026) · Taiwan politics. · doi:10.58570/001c.165951
Breaking bonds, building mistrust: how coups reshape social capital in Africa
Wang, L., Appiah-Kubi, M. A., Amoah, J., Atitianti, P. A., & Jarrett, J. (2026) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2026.107553
How Tolerance of Uncertainty Mediates the Relationship Between Integrative Complexity and Radicalism: A Case Study in Indonesia
Achmat, Z., Muluk, H., & Halida, R. (2026) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-026-00895-0
How cultural norms affect attitudes toward immigration
Giesing, Y., Kauder, B., Mergele, L., Potrafke, N., & Poutvaara, P. (2026) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107764
On legacy persistence: historical KKK organizations and racial exclusion in American sundown towns
Qiao, K., Reichelmann, A. V., & Hunt, M. O. (2026) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soag142
Generational imprinting: how political events shape cohorts
Keskintürk, T. (2026) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soag143
Different Paths, Diverging Views: The Formation of Inequality Attitudes Through Life Course Social Environments and Family Background
Franetovic, G., Carriero, R., & Guglielmi, S. (2026) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-026-00480-w

Authors: Krosnick, J. A., & Alwin, D. F.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University (US)
ORCID: Krosnick, Jon A.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1989
Volume: 57
Issue: 3
Pages: 416-425
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.416
OpenAlex: W4229679722
Cited by: 723
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 17.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01ag004743-09)
National Institute on Aging (2-R01-AG04743-03)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Keywords: aging, attitude change, susceptibility to persuasion, older adults, cognitive aging, social influence
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Attitude, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mental Recall

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Aging and susceptibility to attitude change.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks