Trait inferences: Sources of validity at zero acquaintance.

Abstract

Consensus between self-ratings and stranger ratings of personality traits was investigated. A sample of 100 adults was videotaped while entering and walking through a room, sitting down, looking into the camera, and reading a standard text. The targets then provided self-descriptions on 5 personality factors. A sample of 24 strangers who had never seen the targets before was given 1 of 4 types of information on the targets: (a) sound-film, (b) silent film, (c) still, or (d) audiotape. Strangers rated various physical attributes and 20 traits of each target. Level of information in-fluenced the validity but not the reliability of the stranger ratings, which were most valid for extraversion and conscientiousness. Extraversion covaried most strongly with physical attributes, and implicit theories on the covariation of traits with physical attributes were more accurate for extraversion and conscientiousness than for agreeableness, emotional stability, and culture. If judges indicate their impressions of other people, their judgments usually correlate with the self-reports of the ratees. Moreover, the correlations between self-ratings and ratings by judges tend to be higher the more the judges know about the

Cites (3)

1. Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures
   Buss, David M. · 1989 · Behavioral and Brain Sciences
2. What is beautiful is good
   Dion, Karen, Berscheid, Ellen, Walster, Elaine · 1972 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
3. Perception and the Representative Design of Psychological Experiments
   Brunswik, Egon · 1956

Show all 3 references

Cited by (22)

1. On the accuracy of personality judgment: A realistic approach
   Funder, David C. · 1995 · Psychological Review
2. Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism.
   Back, Mitja D., Küfner, Albrecht C. P., Dufner, Michael, Gerlach, Tanja M., Rauthmann, John F., Denissen, Jaap J. A. · 2013 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
3. An other perspective on personality: Meta-analytic integration of observers' accuracy and predictive validity.
   Connelly, Brian S., Ones, Deniz S. · 2010 · Psychological Bulletin
4. Evolutionary Personality Psychology
   Buss, David M. · 1991 · Annual Review of Psychology
5. Personality in its natural habitat: manifestations and implicit folk theories of personality in daily life
   Mehl, Matthias R., Gosling, Samuel D., Pennebaker, James W. · 2006 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

See all 608