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Heritability of facet-level traits in a cross-cultural twin sample: Support for a hierarchical model of personality.

Jang, Kerry L., McCrae, Robert R., Angleitner, Alois, Riemann, Rainer, Livesley, W. John·1998·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1556

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Abstract

The common variance among personality traits can be summarized in the factors of the five-factor model, which are known to be heritable. This study examined heritability of the residual specific variance in facet-level traits from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Analyses of raw and residual facet scales across Canadian (183 monozygotic [MZ] and 175 dizogotic [DZ] pairs) and German (435 MZ and 205 DZ pairs) twin samples showed genetic and environmental influences of the same type and magnitude across the 2 samples for most facets. Additive genetic effects accounted for 25% to 65% of the reliable specific variance. Results provide strong support for hierarchical models of personality that posit a large number of narrow traits in addition to a few broader trait factors or domains. Facet-level traits are not simply exemplars of the broad factors they define; they are discrete constructs with their own heritable and thus biological basis.

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“Evidence from human twin studies (Figueredo, Vasquez, Brumbach & Schneider, 2004; Jang, McCrae, Angleitner, Riemann & Livesley, 1998), and chimpanzee (Weiss, King & Figueredo, 2000), bonobo (Staes et al., 2016), and orangutan (Adams et al., 2012) pedigree analyzes suggests at least moderate…”
Background
Individual differences of sensitivity of tennis players to injustice situations from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality Big Five Theory
Kaplánová, A. (2018) · Acta Gymnica · doi:10.5507/ag.2018.002 · Cited by 8
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Caprara, G. V., & Vecchione, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.038 · Cited by 9
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MacKenzie, K. R., Leszcz, M., Abbass, A. A., Hollander, Y., Kleinman, I., Livesley, J., Pinard, G., & Seeman, M. V. (1999) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437990440s102 · Cited by 8
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“The heritability estimates of personality traits have been found to differ across cultures (Jang et al., 1998, 2002, 2006).”
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Luciano, M., MacLeod, A. K., Payton, A., Davies, G., Ke, X., Tenesa, A., Ollier, W., Starr, J. M., Horan, M. A., Pendleton, N., et al. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.019 · Cited by 8
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“Further, if personality is viewed as a hierarchical structure (e.g., Costa & McCrae, 1992; 1998; Jang et al., 1998), the Five Factors are the most basic, broadly defined tendencies within an individual, with significant heritable bases.”
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The heritability of response styles and its impact on heritability estimates of personality: A twin study
Melchers, M., Plieger, T., Montag, C., Reuter, M., Spinath, F. M., & Hahn, E. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.023 · Cited by 9
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“Centenarians with lower cognitive functioning are higher on neuroticism and lower on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.”
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Henry, S., Baker, W., Bratko, D., Jern, P., Kandler, C., Tybur, J. M., de Vries, R. E., Wesseldijk, L. W., Zapko–Willmes, A., Booth, T., et al. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672241253637 · Cited by 15
“The facets of both HEXACO and FFM tend to have these same properties, even after removing the variance they share with domains (Anglim et al., 2020; Jang et al., 1998; Lee & Ashton, 2018; McCrae et al., 2005), attesting to their trait status.”
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Authors: Jang, K. L., McCrae, R. R., Angleitner, A., Riemann, R., & Livesley, W. J.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
ORCID: Jang, Kerry L.
McCrae, Robert R.
Riemann, Rainer
Livesley, W. John
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1998
Volume: 74
Issue: 6
Pages: 1556-1565
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1556
OpenAlex: W1984154567
Semantic Scholar: 3946c09e6c4f9583d21bcdef20c161479199bb2e
Cited by: 539
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 18.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: personality facets, heritability, twin studies, Big Five personality traits, genetic and environmental factors, cross-cultural comparison, monozygotic and dizygotic twins, NEO-PI-R
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Canada, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Personality, Twins

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Heritability of facet-level traits in a cross-cultural twin sample: Support for a hierarchical model of personality.

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