Cited by 2,537Child Abuse and TraumaMilitary, Security, and Education StudiesSexual Assault and Victimization Studies

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Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies

Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen A., Williams, Linda M., Finkelhor, David·1993·Psychological Bulletin

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Abstract

A review of 45 studies clearly demonstrated that sexually abused children had more symptoms than nonabused children, with abuse accounting for 15-45% of the variance. Fears, posttraumatic stress disorder, behavior problems, sexualized behaviors, and poor self-esteem occurred most frequently among a long list of symptoms noted, but no one symptom characterized a majority of sexually abused children. Some symptoms were specific to certain ages, and approximately one third of victims had no symptoms. Penetration, the duration and frequency of the abuse, force, the relationship of the perpetrator to the child, and maternal support affected the degree of symptomatology. About two thirds of the victimized children showed recovery during the first 12-18 months. The findings suggest the absence of any specific syndrome in children who have been sexually abused and no single traumatizing process.

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Authors: Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M., & Finkelhor, D.
Affiliations: University of New Hampshire (US)
ORCID: Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen A.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1993
Volume: 113
Issue: 1
Pages: 164-180
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.164
OpenAlex: W2116300722
Cited by: 2,537
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 102 · 2012: 96
FWCI: 72.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5t32mh015161-30)
National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH15161, MH 15161)
National Cancer Institute (90-CA-1406)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
Keywords: child sexual abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, fear, behavioral problems, sexualized behavior, self-esteem, symptomatology, age differences, perpetrator relationship, maternal support, abuse severity, recovery
MeSH terms: Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child Behavior, Psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

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Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies

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