The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Attention gating in short-term visual memory.
Abstract
Subjects first detected a target embedded in a stream of letters presented at the left of fixation and then, as quickly as possible, shifted their attention to a stream of numerals at the right of fixation. They attempted to report, in order, the four earliest occurring numerals after the target. Numerals appeared at rates of 4.6,6.9,9.2, and 13.4/s. Scaling analyses were made of (a) item scores, P,(r), the probability of a numeral from stimulus position i appearing in response position r,r = (l,2,3, 4), and (b) order scores, PiBj, the probability that a numeral from stimulus position / ' appeared earlier in the response than one from stimulus position;'. For all subjects, targets, and numeral rates, the relative position of numerals in the response sequence showed clustering, disorder, and folding. Reported numerals tended to cluster around a stimulus position 400 ms after the target. The numerals were reported in an apparently haphazard order—at high numeral rates, inverted iBj pairs were as frequent as correct pairs. The actual order of report resulted from a mixture of correctly ordered numerals with numerals ordered in the direction opposite to their order of presentation (folding around the cluster center). These results are quantitatively described by a strength theory of order (precedence) and are efficiently predicted by a computational attention gating model (AGM). The AGM makes quantitatively correct predictions of over 500 values ofPt(r), PIBj in 12 conditions with two attention
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“Iconic memory needs to be refreshed every 200 ms (Reeves & Sperling, 1986).”
From On Distinguishing Epistemic from Pragmatic Action (1994) · cites this paper as Reeves & Sperling, 1986
Citations
Cites
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“Using a cost-benefit paradigm (reviewed in Posner, 1980), Shulman, Remington, and McLean (1979) found that a valid cue presented 150 ms or more before a target speeded reaction time more than did an invalid cue and argued that attention could shift over the visual field without eye movements.”
MethodShiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.127 · Cited by 7,335
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Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902
A law of comparative judgment.
Thurstone, L. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0070288 · Cited by 5,077
Some Experiments on the Recognition of Speech, with One and with Two Ears
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Lane, S. D. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315506173-8 · Cited by 4,707
The information available in brief visual presentations
Sperling, G. (1960) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0093759 · Cited by 4,042
Self-citationAttention and the detection of signals.
Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R., & Davidson, B. J. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.109.2.160 · Cited by 3,778
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: An attentional blink?
Raymond, J. E., Shapiro, K. L., & Arnell, K. M. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.18.3.849 · Cited by 2,286
On the proper treatment of connectionism
Smolensky, P. (1988) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00052432 · Cited by 2,146
State-of-the-Art in Visual Attention Modeling
Borji, A., & Itti, L. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2012.89 · Cited by 1,845
“For instance, the Attention Gate Model (AGM) [183], emphasizes the temporal response properties of attention and quantitatively describes the order and timing for humans attending to sequential target stimuli.”
BackgroundOn Distinguishing Epistemic from Pragmatic Action
Kirsh, D., & Maglio, P. (1994) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1804_1 · Cited by 1,641
“since Stigler’s seminal paper “The economics of information” (1961). Stigler pointed out that for consumers with incomplete knowledge, say about the price of a camera, market information can be assigned a value by determining how much one could hope to save by shopping around before buying.”
BackgroundA two-stage model for multiple target detection in rapid serial visual presentation.
Chun, M. M., & Potter, M. C. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.21.1.109 · Cited by 1,465
Metadata
- Authors
- Reeves, A., & Sperling, G.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1986
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 180-206
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2119524737
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 15.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attentional gating, visual short-term memory, attentional blink, target detection, precedence, stimulus presentation rate
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Form Perception, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychophysics, Visual Fields
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