The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Developmental changes in perception of nonnative vowel contrasts.
Abstract
Discrimination of 2 German vowel contrasts was examined in English-learning infants of 6-8 and 10-12 months of age using a head turn procedure. The younger infants were better able than the older infants to discriminate the nonnative contrasts, but performance at 6-8 months was below levels that have been reported for nonnative consonant contrasts. A 2nd experiment using a habituation looking procedure showed that 4-month-old infants discriminated both German vowel contrasts, but the 6-month-olds could not. The findings are consistent with previous consonant work, revealing a shift from a language-general toward a language-specific pattern during the 1st year of life. However, that shift begins earlier in development for vowels than for consonants.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Chomsky, N., & Halle, M. (1968) · Cited by 5,162
Werker, J. F., & Tees, R. C. (1984) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(84)80022-3 · Cited by 2,801 · cited 3×
“In an attempt to map out the age at which language experience first exerts an influence on phonetic perception, Werker and Tees (1983, 1984) compared children and infants of various ages on their ability to discriminate native and nonnative consonant contrasts.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationOf Human Bonding: Newborns Prefer Their Mothers' Voices
DeCasper, A. J., & Fifer, W. P. (1980) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7375928 · Cited by 2,317
Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age
Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., Lacerda, F., Stevens, K. N., & Lindblom, B. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1736364 · Cited by 2,086
A precursor of language acquisition in young infants
Mehler, J., Jusczyk, P., Lambertz, G., Halsted, N., Bertoncini, J., & Amiel-Tison, C. (1988) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(88)90035-2 · Cited by 1,578
Talking to Children: Language Input and Acquisition
Farwell, C. B., Snow, C. E., & Ferguson, C. A. (1979) · Language · doi:10.2307/412603 · Cited by 1,574
Kuhl, P. K. (1991) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212211 · Cited by 1,331
Nonparametric indexes for sensitivity and bias: Computing formulas.
Grier, J. B. (1971) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0031246 · Cited by 1,039
Infants' Preference for the Predominant Stress Patterns of English Words
Jusczyk, P. W., Cutler, A., & Redanz, N. J. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02935.x · Cited by 982
Infants' Preference for the Predominant Stress Patterns of English Words
Jusczyk, P. W., Cutler, A., & Redanz, N. J. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131210 · Cited by 981
Cited by
Infant sensitivity to distributional information can affect phonetic discrimination
Maye, J., Werker, J. F., & Gerken, L. (2002) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(01)00157-3 · Cited by 1,364
Self-citationKuhl, P. K., Conboy, B. T., Coffey-Corina, S., Padden, D., Rivera-Gaxiola, M., & Nelson, T. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2154 · Cited by 886
Psychological universals: what are they and how can we know?
Norenzayan, A., & Heine, S. J. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.763 · Cited by 820
Critical periods in speech perception: New directions
Werker, J. F., & Hensch, T. K. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015104 · Cited by 774
Self-citationEpenthetic vowels in Japanese: A perceptual illusion?
Dupoux, E., Kakehi, K., Hirose, Y., Pallier, C., & Mehler, J. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.25.6.1568 · Cited by 555
Metadata
- Authors
- Polka, L., & Werker, J. F.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 421-435
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- OpenAlex
- W1980044217
- Cited by
- 721
- References
- 55
- FWCI
- 15.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Developmental changes in perception of nonnative vowel contrasts. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0096-1523.20.2.421
- The paper
- Polka, L., & Werker, J. F. (1994). Developmental changes in perception of nonnative vowel contrasts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.20.2.421
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.