Another source of individual differences: Strategy adaptivity to changing rates of success.
Abstract
This article explores an alternative approach to the study of individual differences of cognitive function-- that people may have the same strategies but differential ability to adaptively select among them in response to success and failure feedback from the environment. Three studies involving the complex and dynamic Kanfer-Ackerman Air Traffic Control Task (P. L. Ackerman & R. Kanfer, 1994) demonstrate (a) that individuals do differ systematically along this strategy adaptivity dimension, (b) that those differences have important consequences for overall task performance, and (c) that the differences are primarily associated with reasoning ability and working-memory capacity.
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People may prefer different strategies or cognitive styles, but they can switch strategies when contextual demands require it.
“Individuals may differ in preferred strategies or cognitive styles, but they can shift strategies if contextual demands and constraints require them to”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Schunn & Reder, 2001
Cites
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems
Chi, M. (1989) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/0364-0213(89)90002-5 · Cited by 2,287 · see citing works
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Hertzog, C., Kramer, A. F., Wilson, R. S., & Lindenberger, U. (2008) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Dual-Process Theories of the Mind.
Barrett, L. F., Tugade, M. M., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.553 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
The aging decision maker: Cognitive aging and the adaptive selection of decision strategies.
Mata, R., Schooler, L. J., & Rieskamp, J. (2007) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.4.796 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Aging and self-regulated language processing.
Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Miller, L. M. S., & Hertzog, C. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.582 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Duric, Z., Gray, W. D., Heishman, R., Li, F., Rosenfeld, A., Schoelles, M. J., Schunn, C., & Wechsler, H. (2002) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2002.801449 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationGonthier, C., & Roulin, J.-L. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000660 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schunn, C. D., & Reder, L. M.
- Affiliations
- George Mason University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-76
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- OpenAlex
- W2011182419
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- individual differences, strategy selection, success and failure feedback, cognitive function, reasoning skills, working memory capacity, task performance
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Aviation, Cognition, Feedback, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Minnesota, Problem Solving
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