Aging and self-regulated language processing.
Open accessAbstract
An adult developmental model of self-regulated language processing (SRLP) is introduced, in which the allocation policy with which a reader engages text is driven by declines in processing capacity, growth in knowledge-based processes, and age-related shifts in reading goals. Evidence is presented to show that the individual reader's allocation policy is consistent across time and across different types of text, can serve a compensatory function in relation to abilities, and is predictive of subsequent memory performance. As such, it is an important facet of language understanding and learning from text through the adult life span.
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Knowledge is important for reading comprehension, social reasoning, and learning new information.
“knowledge plays a critical role in activities such as reading comprehension, reasoning about possible actions in social contexts, and learning new information”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Stine-Morrow, Miller, & Hertzog, 2006
Cognitive resources are functional capacity arising from the interaction of processing efficiency and task-relevant knowledge.
“Cognitive resources are best conceptualized as functional capacity created by the interaction between cognitive-processing efficiency and task-relevant knowledge”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Stine-Morrow et al., 2006
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Ng, S., Payne, B. R., Steen, A. A., Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L., & Federmeier, K. D. (2017) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2017.1310213 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationAging increases inattentional blindness to the gorilla in our midst.
Graham, E. R., & Burke, D. M. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0020647 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Aging deficits in naturalistic speech production and monitoring revealed through reading aloud.
Gollan, T. H., & Goldrick, M. (2018) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000296 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Effects of adult aging on reading filtered text: evidence from eye movements
Paterson, K. B., McGowan, V. A., & Jordan, T. R. (2013) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.63 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Age differences in tracking characters during narrative comprehension
Noh, S. R., & Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L. (2009) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.37.6.769 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationScialfa, C. T., Cordazzo, S. T. D., Bubric, K., & Lyon, J. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs086 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kaufman, A. S., Johnson, C. K., & Liu, X. (2008) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282908314108 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Self-citationThe effects of interword spacing on the eye movements of young and older readers
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Visual noise disrupts conceptual integration in reading
Gao, X., Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L., Noh, S. R., & Eskew, R. T. (2010) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-010-0014-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictors of nutrition information comprehension in adulthood
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Self-citationAging and the control of binocular fixations during reading.
Paterson, K. B., McGowan, V. A., & Jordan, T. R. (2013) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0033328 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The effect of foveal and parafoveal masks on the eye movements of older and younger readers.
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Chin, J., Payne, B., Gao, X., Conner-Garcia, T., Graumlich, J. F., Murray, M. D., Morrow, D. G., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2014.912331 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationENVEJECIMIENTO COGNITIVO Y PROCESAMIENTO DEL LENGUAJE: CUESTIONES RELEVANTES
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Language planning and pauses in story retell: Evidence from aging and Parkinson’s disease
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Payne, B. R., & Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu103 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effects of Age, Control Beliefs, and Feedback on Self-Regulation of Reading and Problem Solving
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Self-citationWhat predicts adult readers’ understanding of STEM texts?
Follmer, D. J., Fang, S.-Y., Clariana, R. B., Meyer, B. J. F., & Li, P. (2017) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-017-9781-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Fostering Self-Management of Everyday Memory in Older Adults: A New Intervention Approach
Hertzog, C. K., Pearman, A. M., Lustig, E., & Hughes, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560056 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationRodríguez‐Aranda, C., & Jakobsen, M. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617711000828 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Effects of Ageing and Visual Noise on Conceptual Integration during Sentence Reading
Gao, X., Levinthal, B. R., & Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L. (2012) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.674146 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Normative Aging on Eye Movements during Reading
Paterson, K. B., McGowan, V. A., Warrington, K. L., Li, L., Li, S., Xie, F., Chang, M., Zhao, S., Pagán, A., White, S. J., et al. (2020) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision4010007 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effects of Individual Differences and Situational Features on Age Differences in Mindless Reading
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Goal orientation and self-efficacy in relation to memory in adulthood
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Chapter 8 Aging, Self-Regulation, and Learning from Text
Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L., & Miller, L. M. (2009) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(09)51008-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationStites, M. C., Federmeier, K. D., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0032860 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationContextual Constraints in Situation Model Construction: An Investigation of Age and Reading Span
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Self-citationFroger, C., Sacher, M., Gaudouen, M.-S., Isingrini, M. L., & Taconnat, L. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale · doi:10.1037/a0022429 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Reading in normally aging adults
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Aging, neurocognitive reserve, and the healthy brain
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Age Differences in Language Segmentation
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Self-citationFernandez, L. B., Engelhardt, P. E., Patarroyo, A. G., & Allen, S. (2020) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/1747021820948019 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Online representations of non-canonical sentences are more than good-enough
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Text Comprehension Products and Processes in Young, Young-Old, and Old-Old Adults
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Adult age differences in reading and rereading processes associated with problem solving
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Self-citationThe Effects of Sustained Literacy Engagement on Cognition and Sentence Processing Among Older Adults
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Self-citationPatients with mild Alzheimer’s disease produced shorter outgoing saccades when reading sentences
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Self-citationAge differences in learning from text: The effects of content preexposure on reading
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Self-citationAge differences in learning from text: Evidence for functionally distinct text processing systems
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Self-citationAdult age differences in information foraging in an interactive reading environment.
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Self-citationAge-Related Differences in Affective Norms for Chinese Words (AANC)
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Susceptibility to Distraction During Reading in Young, Young-Old, and Old-Old Adults
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False feedback and beliefs influence name recall in younger and older adults
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- Authors
- Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Miller, L. M. S., & Hertzog, C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 582-606
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- PMC
- PMC2246038
- OpenAlex
- W2126917919
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 326
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG13935)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- aging, adult development, allocation policy, processing capacity, reading comprehension, compensatory strategies, memory performance, reading goals, knowledge-based processes
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Cognition, Humans, Language, Memory, Social Control, Informal, Speech Perception
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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