Reevaluating evaluative conditioning: a nonassociative explanation of conditioning effects in the visual evaluative conditioning paradigm
Open accessAbstract
In 2 studies, the authors investigated whether evaluative conditioning (EC) is an associative phenomenon. Experiment 1 compared a standard EC paradigm with nonpaired and no-treatment control conditions. EC effects were obtained only when the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) were rated as perceptually similar. However, similar EC effects were obtained in both control groups. An earlier failure to obtain EC effects was reanalyzed in Experiment 2. Conditioning-like effects were found when comparing a CS with the most perceptually similar UCSs used in the procedure but not when analyzing a CS rating with respect to the UCS with which it was paired during conditioning. The implications are that EC effects found in many studies are not due to associative learning and that the special characteristics of EC (conditioning without awareness and resistance to extinction) are probably nonassociative artifacts of the EC paradigm.
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The classical conditioning literature has long posited that associative learning of likes and dislikes is based on perceptual similarity, and that this can occur outside of awareness.
“In support of this, the classical conditioning literature has long posited that associative learning of likes and dislikes are based on perceptual similarity, and that this can occur outside of awareness [39,40].”
From Changing bodies changes minds: Owning another body affects social cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
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References 30 · Cited by 69
- Authors
- Field, A. P., & Davey, G. C. L.
- Affiliations
- Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 211-224
- ISSN
- 0097-7403 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2184
- OpenAlex
- W2068770547
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- evaluative conditioning, associative learning, perceptual similarity, extinction resistance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Conditioning, Psychological, Extinction, Psychological, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Mental Recall, Visual Perception
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