Cited by 232Stress Responses and CortisolAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesDeception detection and forensic psychology

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Negative social evaluation, but not mere social presence, elicits cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor task.

Dickerson, Sally S., Mycek, Peggy J., Zaldivar, Frank·2008·Health Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.116

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Abstract

Background Recent research has supported the premise that performance conditions characterized by social-evaluative threat, in which an aspect of the self could be judged by others, are associated with cortisol responses. However, it remains unclear whether this effect is due to negative social evaluation per se or simply the presence of another during a performance situation. Method In the present study, 89 undergraduates delivered a speech in 1 of 3 conditions: in front of an evaluative audience panel (social-evaluative threat [SET]), in the presence of an inattentive confederate (PRES), or alone in a room (non-SET). Results Consistent with hypotheses, participants in the SET condition demonstrated a significant cortisol response, while those in the non-SET and PRES conditions did not show increases in this hormone. Further, participants in the SET condition who reported greater posttask levels of self-conscious cognitions and emotions demonstrated the greatest increases in cortisol. Conclusion These findings suggest that the mere social presence of others is not driving the changes in cortisol observed under social-evaluative threat; instead, explicit negative social evaluation may be responsible for increases in this health-relevant physiological parameter.

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Authors: Dickerson, S. S., Mycek, P. J., & Zaldivar, F.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
ORCID: Dickerson, Sally S.
Venue: Health Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Pages: 116-121
ISSN: 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
1930-7810
DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.116
OpenAlex: W2052393455
Cited by: 232
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 4.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of California, Irvine
US Public Health Service (5M01RR 00827-29)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
Keywords: social-evaluative threat, cortisol, social presence, laboratory stressor, speech performance, self-consciousness, self-conscious emotions, stress physiology
MeSH terms: Adult, California, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Saliva, Self Concept, Speech, Stress, Psychological

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Negative social evaluation, but not mere social presence, elicits cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor task.

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