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Functional inactivation of the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala by muscimol infusion prevents fear conditioning to an explicit conditioned stimulus and to contextual stimuli.
Abstract
The GABAa agonist, muscimol (0.5 microgram in 0.5 microliter saline), or vehicle was infused into the lateral and basal amygdala nuclei prior to fear conditioning or testing in rats. Rats given muscimol before conditioning and saline before testing showed much less freezing to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the context than did controls given saline before training and testing. Rats given saline before training and muscimol prior to testing also showed low levels of freezing to the CS and the context. In follow-up procedures, rats with acquisition initially blocked by pretraining muscimol infusions froze in a manner similar to that of controls when retrained and retested with saline infusions. Rats trained with saline but tested with muscimol presumably became conditioned but could express the learning. When retested with saline, they froze in the same manner as controls. Thus, activity in the lateral and basal amygdala appears to play an essential role in the acquisition and expression of fear conditioning.
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“Several lines of indirect evidence support the idea that this plasticity occurs as a result of a Hebbian mechanism through which depolarization of LA pyramidal neurons by the shock US coincident with weaker activation of the same cells by auditory CS inputs results in fear learning (8–18).”
From Optical activation of lateral amygdala pyramidal cells instructs associative fear learning (2010) · cites this paper as [8]
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LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
Self-citationThe Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology
SAH, P., FABER, E. S. L., LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, M., & POWER, J. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2003 · Cited by 1,745
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
Quirk, G. J., & Mueller, D. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301555 · Cited by 1,645
“…groups have shown that facilitating GABAergic transmission with the GABA-A agonist muscimol in the BLA reduces fear expression (Blair et al, 2005; Muller et al, 1997; Muller and Fendt, 2006), but this simply confirms lesion studies showing that BLA is essential for expression of conditioned fear.”
BackgroundNeuronal signalling of fear memory
Maren, S., & Quirk, G. J. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1535 · Cited by 1,428
“However, this seems unlikely, because inactivation of the BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA (BLA) with the GABA A (γ-aminobutyric acid, type A) receptor agonist muscimol prevents the acquisition of fear conditioning, as well as the expression of fear memory, 24 hours after training when rats are tested drug-fre”
BackgroundLaBar, K. S., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., LeDoux, J. E., & Phelps, E. A. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80475-4 · Cited by 1,402
“Third, the temporal constraints of PET require peau and Davis, 1995; Muller et al., 1997; but see Kim that scans be averaged over both CS2 and non-CS and Davis, 1993b).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Muller, J., Corodimas, K. P., Fridel, Z., & LeDoux, J. E.
- Affiliations
- City College of New York (US)
- New York University (US)
- ORCID
- LeDoux, Joseph E.
- Venue
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 683-691
- ISSN
- 0735-7044 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0084
- OpenAlex
- W2009915667
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 8.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- amygdala, lateral amygdala, basal amygdala, fear conditioning, muscimol, GABA-A receptor agonists, contextual fear, freezing behavior, fear acquisition, fear expression, neural inactivation
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Association Learning, Brain Mapping, Conditioning, Classical, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fear, Male, Motor Activity, Muscimol, Mental Recall, Receptors, GABA-A, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, GABA Agonists, Rats
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