The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

SAH, P.; FABER, E. S. L.; LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, M.; POWER, J.

doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2003

Cited by 1,745Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchStress Responses and Cortisol

The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

SAH, P., FABER, E. S. L., LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, M., POWER, J.·2003·Physiological Reviews

DOI 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003

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Abstract

Sah, P., E. S. L. Faber, M. Lopez de Armentia, and J. Power. The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology. Physiol Rev 83: 803–834, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.—A converging body of literature over the last 50 years has implicated the amygdala in assigning emotional significance or value to sensory information. In particular, the amygdala has been shown to be an essential component of the circuitry underlying fear-related responses. Disorders in the processing of fear-related information are likely to be the underlying cause of some anxiety disorders in humans such as posttraumatic stress. The amygdaloid complex is a group of more than 10 nuclei that are located in the midtemporal lobe. These nuclei can be distinguished both on cytoarchitectonic and connectional grounds. Anatomical tract tracing studies have shown that these nuclei have extensive intranuclear and internuclear connections. The afferent and efferent connections of the amygdala have also been mapped in detail, showing that the amygdaloid complex has extensive connections with cortical and subcortical regions. Analysis of fear conditioning in rats has suggested that long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to the amygdala underlies the acquisition and perhaps storage of the fear memory. In agreement with this proposal, synaptic plasticity has been demonstrated at synapses in the amygdala in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we examine the anatomical and physiological substrates proposed to underlie amygdala function.

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Contributions of the Amygdala to Emotion Processing: From Animal Models to Human Behavior
Phelps, E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.025 · Cited by 3,203 · see citing works
THE AMYGDALA MODULATES THE CONSOLIDATION OF MEMORIES OF EMOTIONALLY AROUSING EXPERIENCES
McGaugh, J. L. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144157 · Cited by 2,296 · see citing works
Neuronal circuits for fear and anxiety
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Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: Links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease
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The amygdala
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Neurobiology of Aggression and Violence
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Amygdala inhibitory circuits and the control of fear memory
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Vasopressin and Oxytocin Excite Distinct Neuronal Populations in the Central Amygdala
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Towards the neurobiology of emotional body language
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“…al. 1991; Roozendaal et al. 1992; Feldman et al. 1994; Feldman and Weidenfeld 1998; Shepard et al. 2003), although there is considerable functional differentiation among individual amygdalar regions (Dunn and Whitener 1986; Swanson and Petrovich 1998; Sah et al. 2003; Ulrich-Lai and Herman 2009).”

Authors: SAH, P., FABER, E. S. L., LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, M., & POWER, J.
Affiliations: Australian National University (AU)
Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
ORCID: SAH, P.
FABER, E. S. L.
POWER, J.
Venue: Physiological Reviews
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 83
Issue: 3
Pages: 803-834
ISSN: 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
1522-1210
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003
OpenAlex: W2075312117
Cited by: 1,745
References: 303
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 118 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 81
FWCI: 3.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: amygdala, fear conditioning, fear memory, synaptic plasticity, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, afferent and efferent connections, cytoarchitecture
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Animals, Conditioning, Psychological, Fear, Humans, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity

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The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

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