The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults.
Open accessAbstract
Four language sample measures as well as measures of vocabulary, verbal fluency, and memory span were obtained from a sample of young adults and a sample of older adults. Factor analysis was used to analyze the structure of the vocabulary, fluency, and span measures for each age group. Then an "extension" analysis was performed by using structural modeling techniques to determine how the language sample measures were related to the other measures. The measure of grammatical complexity was associated with measures of working memory including reading span and digit span. Two measures, sentence length in words and a measure of lexical diversity, were associated with the vocabulary measures. The fourth measure, propositional density, was associated with the fluency measures as a measure of processing efficiency. The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults is somewhat different, suggesting age differences in processing efficiency.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Related screenings include the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) [57], Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) [58], and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [59] for evaluating conditions like mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).”
From A Review of Automated Speech and Language Features for Assessment of Cognitive and Thought Disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
Citations
Cites
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266
Individual differences in working memory and reading
Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(80)90312-6 · Cited by 6,336
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
Salthouse, T. A. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403 · Cited by 5,902 · cited 1×
“In turn, processing speed has been linked to general measures of health (Salthouse, 1996; Hultsch, Hertzog, Dixon, & Small, 1998; Earles & Salthouse, 1995; Light, 1978; Earles, Connor, Smith, & Park, 1997).”
Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view
Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1988) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60041-9 · Cited by 3,456
Linguistic complexity: locality of syntactic dependencies
Gibson, E. (1998) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00034-1 · Cited by 2,537
Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis
John, C. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,120
The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence
Webster, A. S., & Wechsler, D. (1958) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1141601 · Cited by 1,812
The Handbook of aging and cognition
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-3520 · Cited by 1,603
Can test statistics in covariance structure analysis be trusted?
Hu, L.-T., Bentler, P., & Kano, Y. (1992) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.351 · Cited by 1,568
Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis
Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03214546 · Cited by 1,520
Miller, G. A. (2013) · David Fulton Publishers eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203449097-13 · Cited by 1,365
Borkowski, J. G., Benton, A. L., & Spreen, O. (1967) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(67)90015-2 · Cited by 1,324
Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised
Leighton, C. R. (1990) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e500812010-005 · Cited by 1,315
A Self-Administering Scale for Measuring Intellectual Impairment and Deterioration
Shipley, W. C. (1940) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1940.9917704 · Cited by 1,238
Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows
Franke, G. R., & Byrne, B. M. (1995) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151989 · Cited by 1,121
Practical aspects of memory : current research and issues
Gruneberg, M. M., Morris, P. E., & Sykes, R. N. (1988) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 1,038
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
Henninger, N. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1581 · Cited by 935
Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis
Wardrop, J. L., & Loehlin, J. C. (1987) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1165058 · Cited by 739
Snowdon, D. A. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530310034029 · Cited by 696
Intellectual Development in Adulthood: The Seattle Longitudinal Study
Schaie, K. W., & Baltes, P. B. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 674
Mediators of long-term memory performance across the life span.
Park, D. C., Smith, A. D., Lautenschlager, G. J., Earles, J. L. K., Frieske, D., Zwahr, M., & Gaines, C. L. (1996) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.11.4.621 · Cited by 624
Development and Validation of a Model for Estimating Premorbid Verbal Intelligence in the Elderly
Grober, E. H., Sliwinsk, M., & Korey, S. R. (1991) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639108405109 · Cited by 562
A model and an hypothesis for language structure
Yngve, V. H. (1960) · Cited by 522
The Relation between Age and Mean Length of Utterance in Morphemes
Miller, J. F., & Chapman, R. S. (1981) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.2402.154 · Cited by 518
The Nelson-Denny Reading Test.
Brown, J. I. (1960) · Cited by 473
Longitudinal Studies of Adult Psychological Development
(1984) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/39.6.765a · Cited by 470
Kintsch, W., & Keenan, J. M. (1973) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(73)90036-4 · Cited by 435
Neuropsychological prediction of dementia and the absence of dementia in healthy elderly persons
Masur, D. M., Sliwinski, M., Lipton, R. B., Blau, A. D., & Crystal, H. A. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.8.1427 · Cited by 422
Speed and intelligence in old age.
Lindenberger, U., Mayr, U., & Kliegl, R. M. (1993) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.8.2.207 · Cited by 344
Meredith, W. H. (1964) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289699 · Cited by 337
Croft, W. (1991) · Language · doi:10.2307/415548 · Cited by 304
Life-span developmental psychology : research and theory
Goulet, L. R., & Baltes, P. B. (1970) · Cited by 292
The Measurement of Verbal Working Memory Capacity and Its Relation to Reading Comprehension
Waters, G. S., & Caplan, D. N. (1996) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755607 · Cited by 280
Hultsch, D. F., Hammer, M., & Small, B. J. (1993) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/48.1.p1 · Cited by 274
The Measurement of Verbal Working Memory Capacity and Its Relation to Reading Comprehension
Waters, G. S., & Caplan, D. N. (1996) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/027249896392801 · Cited by 272
Speed and Knowledge as Determinants of Adult Age Differences in Verbal Tasks
Salthouse, T. A. (1993) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/48.1.p29 · Cited by 252
Hultsch, D. F. (1998) · Cited by 227
Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships among age, cognition, and processing speed.
Sliwinski, M. J., & Herman Buschke, L. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.14.1.18 · Cited by 224
Keefover, R. W. (1998) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70085-2 · Cited by 213
Language decline across the life span: Findings from the nun study.
Kemper, S. J., Greiner, L. H., Marquis, J. G., Prenovost, K. M., & Mitzner, T. L. (2001) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.16.2.227 · Cited by 204
Self-citationShort-term longitudinal change in cognitive performance in later life.
Hultsch, D. F., Hertzog, C. K., Small, B. J., McDonald-Miszczak, L., & al, E. (1992) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.7.4.571 · Cited by 198
Changes in naming ability with age.
Albert, M., Heller, H. S., & Milberg, W. (1988) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.3.2.173 · Cited by 179
Life-span changes to adults' language: Effects of memory and genre
Kemper, S. J., Kynette, D., Rash, S. J., O’Brien, K. J., & Sprott, R. A. (1989) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716400008419 · Cited by 170
Self-citationMcCrae, R. R., Arenberg, D., & Costa, P. T. (1987) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.2.2.130 · Cited by 165
Bryan, J., Luszcz, M. A., & Crawford, J. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.12.3.473 · Cited by 159
Life-span Changes in Syntactic Complexity
Kemper, S. J. (1987) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/42.3.323 · Cited by 156
Self-citationMcCrae, R. R., Arenberg, D., & Costa, P. T. (1987) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.2.2.130 · Cited by 153
der Linden, M. V., Hupet, M. M., Feyereisen, P., Schelstraete, M., Bestgen, Y., Bruyer, R., Lories, G., Ahmadi, A. E., & Seron, X. (1999) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1076/anec.6.1.32.791 · Cited by 145
Schaie, K. W., & Willis, S. L. (1993) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.8.1.44 · Cited by 135
Lexical priming deficits as a function of age.
Davis, H. P., Cohen, A., Gandy, M., Colombo, P. J., VanDusseldorp, G., Simolke, N., & Romano, J. (1990) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.104.2.288 · Cited by 134
On the Preservation of Syntax in Alzheimer's Disease
Kemper, S. J. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540010075021 · Cited by 129
Self-citationCognitive mediation of adult age differences in language performance.
See, S. T. K., & Ryan, E. B. (1995) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.10.3.458 · Cited by 128
Intellectual Functioning in Adults
Hoyer, W. J., Mergler, N. L., Farkas, M., & Schultz, N. D. (1974) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/29.2.237a · Cited by 126
Telling stories: The structure of adults' narratives
Kemper, S. J., Rash, S. J., Kynette, D., & Norman, S. M. (1990) · The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541449008406205 · Cited by 124
Self-citationKemper, S. J., & Anagnopoulos, C. (1989) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190500001203 · Cited by 124
Self-citationShort-term longitudinal change in cognitive performance in later life.
Hultsch, D. F., Hertzog, C. K., Small, B. J., et al. (1992) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.571 · Cited by 124
Younger and older adults' on-line processing of syntactically ambiguous sentences.
Kemtes, K. A., & Kemper, S. J. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.12.2.362 · Cited by 122
Self-citationAge differences in reading time allocation for propositionally dense sentences
Stine, E. A. L., & Hindman, J. L. (1994) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/09289919408251446 · Cited by 119
Aging and the loss of grammatical forms: a cross-sectional study of language performance
Kynette, D., & Kemper, S. J. (1986) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/0271-5309(86)90006-6 · Cited by 118
Self-citationThe relationship between the frequency and the processing complexity of linguistic structure
Gibson, E. A. F., Schütze, C. T., & Salomon, A. (1996) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/bf01708420 · Cited by 109
Comparative Factor Analytic Studies of Intelligence throughout The Human Life-Span
Reinert, G. (1970) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-293850-4.50023-6 · Cited by 107
Interrelations of Age, Health, and Speed
Earles, J. L. K., & Salthouse, T. A. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/50b.1.p33 · Cited by 103
Rosenberg, S. D., & Abbeduto, L. (1987) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716400000047 · Cited by 102
Explaining Language Universals
Moravcsik, E. A. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199281251.013.0005 · Cited by 97
Cognitive mediation of adult age differences in language performance.
See, S. T. K., & Ryan, E. B. (1995) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.10.3.458 · Cited by 93
Younger and older adults' on-line processing of syntactically ambiguous sentences.
Kemtes, K. A., & Kemper, S. J. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.2.362 · Cited by 93
Self-citationAnalyzing Children’s Spontaneous Speech
Stromswold, K. (1996) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4575.003.0005 · Cited by 89
Age differences in inhibition: Possible causes and consequences
Earles, J. L. K., Connor, L. T., Frieske, D. A., Park, D. C., Smith, A. D., & Zwahr, M. D. (1997) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825589708256635 · Cited by 72
Effect of off-target verbosity on communication efficiency in a referential communication task.
Arbuckle, T. Y., Nohara-LeClair, M., & Pushkar, D. (2000) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.15.1.65 · Cited by 66
Effect of off-target verbosity on communication efficiency in a referential communication task.
Arbuckle, T. Y., Nohara-LeClair, M., & Pushkar, D. (2000) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.15.1.65 · Cited by 63
Oral language and alzheimer's disease: A reduction in syntactic complexity
Lyons, K. E., Kemper, S. J., LaBarge, E., Ferraro, F. R., Balota, D. A., & Storandt, M. (1994) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825589408256581 · Cited by 59
Self-citationThe representation of stress: evidence from an aphasic patient
Cappa, S. F., Nespor, M., Ielasi, W., & Miozzo, A. (1997) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(97)00024-3 · Cited by 56
Effects of mild cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders on serial reaction time performance
Light, K. C. (1978) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610737808257123 · Cited by 54
Investigation of functional working memory in the reading span test.
Tirre, W. C., & Peña, C. M. (1992) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.4.462 · Cited by 52
Robine, J., Forette, B., Franceschi, C., & Allard, M. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60100-2 · Cited by 44
Interrelations of age, self-reported health, speed, and memory.
Earles, J. L. K., Connor, L. T., Smith, A. D., & Park, D. C. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.675 · Cited by 43
Linguistic Ability in Early Life and Longevity: Findings from the Nun Study
Snowdon, D. A., Greiner, L. H., Kemper, S., Nanayakkara, N. D., & Mortimer, J. A. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60100-2_9 · Cited by 40
Self-citationIntellectual ability among the elderly: Simultaneous cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons.
Botwinick, J., & Siegler, I. C. (1980) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.16.1.49 · Cited by 34
McKee, C. (1996) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4575.003.0013 · Cited by 8
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Bentler, 1989, Theory and implementation of EQS: A structural equations program.
- 10.1037/0882-7974.12.3.473 · DOI
- Chapman, 1984, SALT: Systematic analysis of language transcripts.
- Cheung, 1990, On complexity metrics.
- Dunn, 1981, The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised: Manual for forms L and N.
- Eisdorfer, 1973, Intellectual changes with advancing age., 102
- Fenson, 1991, Technical manual for the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories.
- Frazier, 1988, Parameterizing the language processing system: Left- versus right-branching within and across languages., 247
- Kemper, 1988, Speech and writing across the life-span., 107
- Lee, 1974, Developmental sentence analysis.
- Schaie, 1983, The Seattle longitudinal study: A 21-year exploration of psychometric intelligence in adulthood., 64
- 10.1001/jama.275.7.528 · DOI · Paper page
- Turner, 1977, The construction and use of a propositional text base.
- Wechsler, 1981, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised manual.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Working Memory and Intelligence: The Same or Different Constructs?
Ackerman, P. L., Beier, M. E., & Boyle, M. O. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.30 · Cited by 969
Aging and verbal memory span: a meta-analysis
Bopp, K. L., & Verhaeghen, P. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.5.p223 · Cited by 607
How many words do we read per minute? A review and meta-analysis of reading rate
Brysbaert, M. (2019) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2019.104047 · Cited by 553
A meta-analysis on the relation between reading and working memory
Peng, P., Barnes, M., Wang, C., Wang, W., Li, S., Swanson, H. L., Dardick, W., & Tao, S. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000124 · Cited by 521
Gagliese, L., Weizblit, N., Ellis, W., & Chan, V. W. S. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.07.004 · Cited by 425
Metadata
- Authors
- Kemper, S., & Sumner, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas (US)
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 312-322
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W2084618255
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG 009952, R01AG009952)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- verbal ability, aging, vocabulary, verbal fluency, memory span, grammatical complexity, reading span, digit span, sentence length, lexical diversity, processing efficiency, age differences, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Language, Language Tests, Linguistics, Male, Memory, Middle Aged
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
