Effectiveness of individual counseling by professional and peer helpers for family caregivers of the elderly.
Abstract
This study of the effectiveness of individual counseling for daughters and daughters-in-law (N = 87) who were the primary caregivers for frail elderly parents revealed that participants who received professional counseling demonstrated significantly better outcomes than a no-treatment control group in regard to subjective well-being, level of psychiatric symptomatology, and perceived change in aspects of the caregiver-care-receiver relationship. Participants who received peer counseling demonstrated similar gains but did not improve significantly more than did control subjects in subjective well-being. Both forms of counseling had no significant effect on caregivers' formal and informal social support networks.
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In the individual counselling study, at eight weeks compared with the control group, participants receiving professional counselling reported improved wellbeing and reduced psychiatric symptoms according to an overall score and the three subscales of depression, anxiety, and hostility.
“At eight weeks, compared with the control group, participants receiving professional counselling reported improved wellbeing and reduced psychiatric symptoms, according to an overall score and the three subscales of depression, anxiety and hostility.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
Of the two one-to-one support studies at high risk of bias, one reported significant intervention effects.
“Of the two studies at high risk of bias [54,58], one reported significant intervention effects.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
In the individual counselling study, no significant differences were observed between the professional and peer counselling groups on any outcomes.
“No significant differences were observed between the professional and peer counselling groups on any outcomes.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
In the individual counselling study, at the same time point, those receiving peer counselling reported only reduced psychiatric symptoms in respect of the overall score and the anxiety subscale compared with controls.
“At the same time point, those receiving peer counselling reported only reduced psychiatric symptoms in respect of the overall score and the anxiety subscale, in comparison with controls.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
In the individual counselling study, neither intervention group reported improved network size or level of available support compared with the control group.
“Neither intervention group reported improved network size or level of available support compared with the control group.”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
With the addition of two studies, the proportion of effective group interventions rose to 79% (15 out of 19), and with the addition of one study, the proportion of effective one-to-one interventions rose to 55% (6 out of 11).
“The proportion of effective group interventions rose to 79% (15 out of 19) with the addition of two studies [56,70], and the proportion of effective one-to-one interventions rose to 55% (6 out of 11) with the addition of one study [54].”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
Nineteen out of 23 (83%) participatory interventions were observed to have beneficial effects on at least one outcome compared with only four out of nine (44%) non-participatory interventions.
“Nineteen out of the 23 (83%) participatory interventions were observed to have beneficial effects on at least one outcome [13,52-56,60,63,65-70,73-76,81] compared with only four out of nine (44%) non-participatory interventions [59,71,78,79].”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
Thirteen out of 15 (87%) interventions categorised as having a theoretical basis reported beneficial effects on at least one outcome domain compared with 10 out of 17 (59%) studies categorised as having no theoretical basis.
“Thirteen out of 15 (87%) interventions categorised as having a theoretical basis reported beneficial effects on at least one outcome domain [13,53-55,59,65,67-69,73-75,81] compared with 10/17 (59%) studies categorised as having no theoretical basis [52,56,60,63,66,70,71,76,78,79].”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
Seven out of 12 studies (58%) that recruited explicitly targeted participants reported positive effects on outcomes compared with 16 out of 20 (80%) studies with no explicit targeting.
“Seven out of 12 studies (58%) that recruited explicitly targeted participants reported positive effects on outcomes [13,56,67,71,75,78,79], compared with 16/20 (80%) studies with no explicit targeting [52-55,59,60,63,65,66,68-70,73,74,76,81].”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
Twelve out of 15 (80%) support interventions reported beneficial effects.
“Twelve out of the 15 (80%) support interventions reported beneficial effects [52-56,63,66,68,69,73,75,76].”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
All interventions delivered by counsellors and by students reported at least one beneficial effect.
“All interventions delivered by counsellors [53,54,73] and by students [59,66,71,78] reported at least one beneficial effect”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review
Dickens, A. P., Richards, S. H., Greaves, C. J., & Campbell, J. L. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-647 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Burnell, K., Charlesworth, G., Feast, A. R., Hoe, J., Poland, F. M., & Orrell, M. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010231 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Retracted
- Authors
- Toseland, R. W., & Smith, G. C.
- Affiliations
- State University of New York (US)
- ORCID
- Smith, Gregory C.
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 1990
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 256-263
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W2018895297
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 10.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Keywords
- family caregivers, elderly parents, individual counseling, peer counseling, professional counseling, caregiver well-being, psychiatric symptoms, social support networks, frail elderly
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Counseling, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family, Female, Home Nursing, Humans, Middle Aged, Peer Group, Professional Practice
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