Self-percepts of control in middle and later adulthood: Buffering losses by rescaling goals.
Abstract
The authors propose a model of how a sense of control is maintained in later adulthood through shifts in the subjective importance of developmental goals. Developmental goals and control beliefs were repeatedly assessed over an 8-year interval on a core sample of 735 participants (initial age range: 30-59 years). The findings reveal a high degree of stability in generalized perceptions of control even in the transition to later adulthood. In line with predictions, moderated multiple regressions indicated(a) that the degree to which self-percepts of control within a particular goal domain affect an individual's general sense of control depends on the personal importance of that domain, and (b) that losses of control within a goal domain affect general perceptions of control to a lesser degree if the importance of the respective domain is downscaled within the same longitudinal interval. Implications for theories of depression as well as for successful aging are discussed.
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The concept of a 'preferred future' when living with pain has more recently been given focus by pain researchers, as have techniques such as focusing on successes during pain consultations.
“The concept of a ‘preferred future’ when living with pain has also more recently been given focus by pain researchers,18–20 as have techniques such as focusing on successes during pain consultations.21”
From New approaches towards chronic pain: Patient experiences of a solution-focused pain management programme (2014) · cites this paper as [19]
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“However, control beliefs can also be particular about achievement in specific domains (e.g., Brandtstädter & Rothermund, 1994; Lachman & Weaver, 1998) and these domain-specific personal control are theorized to better predict specific outcomes than global personal control beliefs because they…”
BackgroundHandlungs- und Sinnressourcen: Entwicklungsmuster und protektive Effekte
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Dual Process Theory of Assimilation and Accommodation
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Self-citationSelf-Care Activities Captured Through Discussion Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Dunn, K. S., & Riley-Doucet, C. K. (2007) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/0898010106293595 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…suggest older adults attempt to compensate for functional deficits by means of “accommodative strategies” that help to bring them in line with the demands of the existing context (M. M. Baltes, 1994; P. B. Baltes & Baltes, 1990; Brandtstädter & Rothermund, 1994; Rothermund & Brandtstädter, 2003).”
BackgroundSelf‐Regulation and Social Cognition in Adulthood
Bolkan, C. R., & Hooker, K. A. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118392966.ch18 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Older Married Couples and Health Promotion: Joint Decision-Making Process for Long-Term Spouses
Padula, C. A., & McNatt, M. (2004) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-20040801-08 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Eakman, A. M., Carlson, M. E., & Clark, F. A. (2009) · OTJR Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.3928/15394492-20090501-02 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Moss, S. A., & Cheavens, J. S. (2019) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2019.38.4.301 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
COUNSELING ADULT CHILDREN OF AGING PARENTS
Haggan, P. S. (1998) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/0360127980240404 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Leduc‐Cummings, I., Milyavskaya, M., Howard, A. L., & Drapeau, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23744 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Smaling, H. J. A., Xu, J., Nakanishi, M., Shinan‐Altman, S., Mehr, D. R., Radbruch, L., Gaertner, J., Werner, P., Achterberg, W. P., & van der Steen, J. T. (2023) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-023-01249-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“For example with aging, people adjust goals to what is feasible which buffers their sense of control [32].”
BackgroundOlder Adults and Financial Bequests
Goetting, M. A., Martin, P., & Johnson, C. A. (2000) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/ajj3-avg7-qkmw-r21r · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“A person’s demographic characteristics and economic and health circumstances have an influence on his or her sense of control (Baltes & Baltes, 1986; Brandtstädter & Rothermund, 1994; Dixon & Hultsch, 1990; Lachman, 1986; Lefcourt et al., 1981).”
BackgroundSchiloski, K. A., & Lachman, M. E. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbae155 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“An individual’s sense of control may differ across life domains and may be affected by the salience of a given domain (Brandtstadter & Rothermund, 1994; Lachman et al., 2011).”
Intention for self-change across the life span: Focusing on concern about self-change
Chishima, Y. (2016) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.87.15201 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Parallels Between Aging and Schizophrenia
Seeman, M. V. (2005) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.68.1.1.64185 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Given that reality, how do we manage to keep making ourselves heard? Or do we adapt with resignation to age and no longer expect a hearing? Accommodation makes life easier (Brandtstadter and Rothermund, 1994).”
BackgroundDual Process Theory of Assimilation and Accommodation
Rothermund, K., & Brandtstädter, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_96 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Reciprocal Path from Possible Self to Core Self-Revision
Carroll, P. J. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000139 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This work also shows that goal losses affect general control perceptions, self-esteem, and depression to a greater degree if one maintains the importance of the unrealistic domain of selfdefinition (Brandtstädter & Rothermund, 1994, 2002).”
BackgroundResearch on Intelligence in German-Speaking Countries
Li, S., & Kunzmann, U. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511616648.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brandtstädter, J., & Rothermund, K.
- Affiliations
- Universität Trier (DE)
- ORCID
- Rothermund, Klaus
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 265-273
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W2014209192
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- perceived control, midlife, later adulthood, developmental goals, loss of control, successful aging, depression
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Age Factors, Aging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Freedom, Goals, Humans, Internal-External Control, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Self Concept, Social Adjustment
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