An overview of self-monitoring research in assessment and treatment.

Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.

Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317

Cognitive Therapy for Depression

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Automatic and effortful processes in memory.

Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.108.3.356 · Cited by 2,812

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Research design in clinical psychology

Kazdin, A. E. (1952) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(195201)8:1 · Cited by 2,153

Memory and cognition

Kintsch, W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,051

Compliance without pressure: The foot-in-the-door technique.

Freedman, J. L., & Fraser, S. C. (1966) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0023552 · Cited by 1,637

Update on empirically validated therapies, II: (619622010-001)

Chambless, D. L., Baker, M. J., Baucom, D. H., Beutler, L. E., Calhoun, K. S., Crits-Christoph, P., Daiuto, A., DeRubeis, R., Detweiler, J., Haaga, D. A. F., et al. (1997) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e619622010-001 · Cited by 1,488

Behavioral self-control

Thoresen, C. E., & Mahoney, M. J. (1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 723

Handbook of behavioral assessment

(1978) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(78)90016-2 · Cited by 562

A SCATTER PLOT FOR IDENTIFYING STIMULUS CONTROL OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR

Touchette, P. E., MacDonald, R. P. F., & Langer, S. N. (1985) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-343 · Cited by 454

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy : Creating Intense and Curative Therapeutic Relationships

Kohlenberg, R. J., & Tsai, M. (2012) · Cited by 423

Behavioral assessment : new directions in clinical psychology

Cone, J. D., & Hawkins, R. P. (1977) · Brunner/Mazel eBooks · Cited by 350

Self-monitoring: Methodological limitations and clinical applications

Kanfer, F. H. (1970) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029874 · Cited by 329

Functional analysis in behavior therapy

Haynes, S. N., & O’Brien, W. H. (1990) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(90)90074-k · Cited by 327

Self-control: power to the person

Mahoney, M. J., & Thoresen, C. E. (1974) · Cited by 311

THE EFFECT OF SELF‐RECORDING ON THE CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR OF TWO EIGHTH‐GRADE STUDENTS1

Broden, M., Hall, R. V., & Mitts, B. (1971) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1971.4-191 · Cited by 298

Effects of self-monitoring on normal smoking behavior.

McFall, R. M. (1970) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0030087 · Cited by 279

Memory as a function of attention, level of processing, and automatization.

Fisk, A. D., & Schneider, W. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.10.2.181 · Cited by 258

Theoretical Explanations for Reactivity in Self-Monitoring

Nelson, R. O., & Hayes, S. C. (1981) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/014544558151001 · Cited by 251

Behavioral self-management: Strategies, techniques and outcomes

Stuart, R. B. B. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 234

Reactive self-monitoring: The effects of response desirability, goal setting, and feedback.

Kazdin, A. E. (1974) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037050 · Cited by 208

The many faces of self-control, or behavior modification changes its focus

Kanfer, F. H. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 192

Time Frames for Mood: Relations between Momentary and Generalized Ratings of Affect

Parkinson, B., Briner, R. B., Reynolds, S. A., & Totterdell, P. (1995) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167295214003 · Cited by 159

Relative efficacy of self-reward, self-punishment, and self-monitoring techniques for weight loss.

Mahoney, M. J., Moura, N. G., & Wade, T. C. (1973) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034565 · Cited by 154

The Scientist Practitioner

Barlow, D. H. (1983) · Cited by 154

Conceptual foundations of behavioral assessment

Nelson, R. O., & Hayes, S. C. (1986) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 146

TRAINING PARENTS AS BEHAVIOR MODIFIERS: SELF‐RECORDING OF CONTINGENT ATTENTION1

Herbert, E. W., & Baer, D. M. (1972) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1972.5-139 · Cited by 145

Some ruminations on the validation of clinical procedures.

Meehl, P. E. (1959) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0083769 · Cited by 138

Meaning of daily mood assessments.

Hedges, S. M., Jandorf, L., & Stone, A. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.2.428 · Cited by 130

Generalization and maintenance of appropriate behavior through self-control.

Turkewitz, H., O’Leary, K. D., & Ironsmith, M. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076905 · Cited by 130

Estimating frequency of occurrence.

Jonides, J. J., & Naveh‐Benjamin, M. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.13.2.230 · Cited by 126

The behavioral assessment grid (BAG): A conceptual framework and a taxonomy

Cone, J. D. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80020-3 · Cited by 125

Self-monitoring effects in a program for potential high school dropouts: A time-series analysis.

Gottman, J. M., & McFall, R. M. (1972) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033437 · Cited by 114

A comparison of two forms of self-monitoring in a behavioral weight reduction program

Bellack, A. S., Rozensky, R. H., & Schwartz, J. (1974) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80042-0 · Cited by 112

Design of individualized behavioral treatment programs using functional analytic clinical case models.

Haynes, S. N., Leisen, M. B., & Blaine, D. D. (1997) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.334 · Cited by 101

Incidental learning of event frequency

Greene, R. L. (1984) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197001 · Cited by 98

ACHIEVEMENT PLACE: THE RELIABILITY OF SELF‐REPORTING AND PEER‐REPORTING AND THEIR EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR1,2

Fixsen, D. L., Phillips, E. L., & Wolf, M. M. (1972) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1972.5-19 · Cited by 98

A review of practices of psychotherapy outcome measurement

Froyd, J. E. (1996) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638239650037144 · Cited by 94

SELF‐RECORDING IN TRAINING GIRLS TO INCREASE WORK AND EVOKE STAFF PRAISE IN AN INSTITUTION FOR OFFENDERS1

Seymour, F. W., & Stokes, T. F. (1976) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1976.9-41 · Cited by 93

Problems in the use of naturalistic observation as a means of behavioral assessment

Lipinski, D. P., & Nelson, R. O. (1974) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80003-1 · Cited by 92

Self-monitoring in the treatment of obesity: Parameters of reactivity

Romanczyk, R. G. (1974) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80043-2 · Cited by 90

A self-feedback technique to monitor drinking behavior in alcoholics

Sobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (1973) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(73)80014-2 · Cited by 86

An experimental procedure for the modification of psychotic behavior.

Rutner, I. T., & Bugle, C. (1969) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028473 · Cited by 84

Can functional analysis provide a substitute for syndromal classification

Hayes, S. C., & Follette, W. C. (1992) · Behavioral Assessment · Cited by 83

A naturalistic functional analysis of eating behavior in bulimia and obesity

Schlundt, D., Johnson, W. G., & Jarrell, M. P. (1985) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(85)90005-0 · Cited by 77

Self-monitoring of mood versus activity by depressed clients.

Harmon, T. M., Nelson, R. O., & Hayes, S. C. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.48.1.30 · Cited by 75

Self-Directed Change: Two Studies

Kolb, D. A., Winter, S. K., & Berlew, D. E. (1968) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/002188636800400404 · Cited by 74

Child behavior therapy

Ross, A. O. (1981) · Cited by 73

Cost effectiveness in behavioral family therapy

Christensen, A., Johnson, S. M., Phillips, S., & Glasgow, R. E. (1980) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(80)80021-9 · Cited by 71

Behavior recording as treatment: A brief note

Maletzky, B. M. (1974) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80091-2 · Cited by 71

Influence of motivational variables on the reactivity and reliability of self-recording.

Lipinski, D. P., Black, J. L., Nelson, R. O., & Ciminero, A. R. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.43.5.637 · Cited by 65

Self-monitoring in the assessment of eating disorders.

Wilson, G. T., & Vitousek, K. M. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.4.480 · Cited by 62

The effects of self-recorders' training and the obtrusiveness of the self-recording device on the accuracy and reactivity of self-monitoring

Nelson, R. O., Lipinski, D. P., & Boykin, R. A. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80105-1 · Cited by 61

Self-monitoring of panic attacks and retrospective estimates of panic: discordant findings

de Beurs, E., Lange, A., & van Dyck, R. (1992) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(92)90054-k · Cited by 60

Multiple tracking and the reactivity of self-monitoring

Hayes, S. C., & Cavior, N. (1977) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(77)80153-6 · Cited by 56

The reliability of self-recorded behaviors

Simkins, L. D. (1971) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(71)80150-8 · Cited by 55

The effects of expectancy on the reactivity of self-recording

Nelson, R. O., Lipinski, D. P., & Black, J. L. (1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80108-0 · Cited by 53

Functional assessment in behavioral consultation: A treatment utility study.

Schill, M. T., Kratochwill, T. R., & Elliott, S. N. (1998) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/h0088977 · Cited by 51

Self-control practices associated with weight loss maintenance in children and adolescents

Cohen, E. A., Gelfand, D. M., Dodd, D. K., Jensen, J., & Turner, C. M. (1980) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(80)80033-5 · Cited by 44

Reliability and Controlling Effects of Three Procedures for Self-Monitoring Smoking

Frederiksen, L. W., Epstein, L. H., & Kosevsky, B. P. (1975) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03394311 · Cited by 44

Effects of information feedback and self-administered consequences on self-monitoring study behavior.

Richards, C. S., McReynolds, W. T., Holt, S., & Sexton, T. (1976) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.23.4.316 · Cited by 38

Validity and reactivity of a system of self-monitoring suicide ideation

Clum, G. A., & Curtin, L. (1993) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00965039 · Cited by 38

Behavioral Assignments and Treatment Compliance

Hauser, M. J. (1983) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/0279-3695-19830101-15 · Cited by 38

Contracts, demand characteristics, and self-control.

Kanfer, F. H., Cox, L. E., Greiner, J. M., & Karoly, P. (1974) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037451 · Cited by 36

Monitoring verbal behaviors in a dyadic interaction.

Cavior, N., & Marabotto, C. M. (1976) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.44.1.68 · Cited by 30

The relative reactivity of external observations and self-monitoring

Nelson, R. O., Lipinski, D. P., & Black, J. L. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80057-3 · Cited by 29

Inadequacy of recall as a basis for frequency knowledge.

Watkins, M. J., & LeCompte, D. C. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.17.6.1161 · Cited by 27

Self-monitoring as an assessment strategy in behavioral medicine.

Barton, K. A., Blanchard, E. B., & Veazy, C. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.4.490 · Cited by 27

Relationship of an overt commitment to task compliance in behavior therapy

Levy, R. L. (1977) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(77)90100-8 · Cited by 26

Some determinants of self-monitoring effects.

Sieck, W. A., & McFall, R. M. (1976) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.44.6.958 · Cited by 26

Influence of self-monitoring on heterosexual conversational behaviors of head trauma youth

Schloss, P. J., Thompson, C. K., Gajar, A. H., & Schloss, C. N. (1985) · Applied Research in Mental Retardation · doi:10.1016/0270-3092(85)90001-3 · Cited by 26

Effects of training to increase self-monitoring accuracy

Marshall, K. J., Lloyd, J. W., & Hallahan, D. P. (1993) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1007/bf00961546 · Cited by 25

The effect of timing of self-monitoring behavior on reducing cigarette consumption

Rozensky, R. H. (1974) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(74)90083-4 · Cited by 25

A national survey of assessment and therapy techniques used by behavior therapists

Elliott, A. J., Miltenberger, R. G., Kaster-Bundgaard, J., & Lumley, V. A. (1996) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(96)80033-2 · Cited by 25

Treatment of ruminative thinking by self-monitoring

Frederiksen, L. W. (1975) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(75)90115-9 · Cited by 25

REACTIVITY IN SELF‐RECORDING: OBTRUSIVENESS OF RECORDING PROCEDURE AND PEER COMMENTS

Kirby, K. C., Fowler, S. A., & Baer, D. M. (1991) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-487 · Cited by 22

The effects of reinforcing concurrent behavior on self-monitoring

Epstein, L. H., Miller, P. M., & Webster, J. S. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80222-5 · Cited by 20

Accuracy of self-monitoring on a variable ratio schedule of observer verification

Layne, C. C., Rickard, H. C., Jones, M. T., & Lyman, R. D. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80167-0 · Cited by 20

Inaccuracies in the estimation of functional relationships using self-monitoring data

O’Brien, W. H. (1995) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00042-9 · Cited by 18

Self-recording: Its effects on individuals high and low in motivation

Komaki, J., & Dore-Boyce, K. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80055-0 · Cited by 17

Recognition in episodic long-term memory in schizophrenia

Johnson, J. H., Klingler, D. E., & Williams, T. A. (1977) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3 · Cited by 15

Psychometric considerations in self-monitoring assessment.

Jackson, J. L. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.11.4.439 · Cited by 15

The Reactivity and Accuracy of Children's Self-Monitoring:

Nelson, R. O., Hay, L. R., Devany, J. M., & Koslow-Green, L. (1981) · Child Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1300/j473v02n03_01 · Cited by 14

The reactivity of self recording: A case report of a drug abuser

Hay, L. R., Hay, W. M., & Angle, H. V. (1977) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(77)80170-6 · Cited by 12

On the development of a cognitive self-monitoring skill

Meyers, A. W., Mercatoris, M., & Artz, L. M. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80229-8 · Cited by 9

Clinical and experimental utility of refundable deposits

Ersner-Hershfield, S. M., Connors, G. J., & Maisto, S. A. (1981) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(81)90137-6 · Cited by 9

Self-monitoring of paranoid behavior

WILLIAMS, J. E. J. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80181-5 · Cited by 9

Behavioral assessment: review and prospect

Taylor, S. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00161-2 · Cited by 7

Behavior therapy: Distinct but acculturated

Nelson‐Gray, R. O., Gaynor, S. T., & Korotitsch, W. J. (1997) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(97)80013-5 · Cited by 7

Expectancy effects upon self-recorded eye-blinking behavior

Hutzell, R. R. (1977) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(77)80154-8 · Cited by 3

Ecological momentary assessment

Shiffman, S., Stone, A. A., & Hufford, M. R. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415 · Cited by 6,454

Understanding quantified-selfers' practices in collecting and exploring personal data

Choe, E. K., Lee, N. B., Lee, B., Pratt, W., & Kientz, J. A. (2014) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2556288.2557372 · Cited by 766

The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: Fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis.

Fleeson, W., & Gallagher, P. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016786 · Cited by 636

Clarifying work–family intervention processes: The roles of work–family conflict and family-supportive supervisor behaviors.

Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Anger, W. K., Bodner, T., & Zimmerman, K. L. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020927 · Cited by 645

Does monitoring goal progress promote goal attainment? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence.

Harkin, B., Webb, T. L., Chang, B. P. I., Prestwich, A., Conner, M., Kellar, I., Benn, Y., & Sheeran, P. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000025 · Cited by 564

Introduction to the special section on self-monitoring: A major assessment method in clinical psychology.

Cone, J. D. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.11.4.411 · Cited by 23

Self-Observation (Self-Monitoring)

Rocí, Ferná, O., & ndez-Ballesteros (2003) · Encyclopedia of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.4135/9780857025753.n179

Self-monitoring as an assessment strategy in behavioral medicine.

Barton, K. A., Blanchard, E. B., & Veazy, C. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.4.490 · Cited by 27

Using Assessment in Counseling Supervision: Individual Differences in Self-Monitoring.

Haverkamp, B. E. (1994) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · Cited by 9

A study of the self-monitoring scale

Iwabuchi, C., Tanaka, K., & Nakazato, H. (1982) · The Japanese journal of psychology · Cited by 8