The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence
Abstract
In this article the author reviews research evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) and shows, using meta-analyses, that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals. The author offers a conceptual framework for understanding
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Minority Stress Model (MSM) argues that minority populations such as TGD individuals are exposed to hostile and stressful social environments because of their minority status, leading to worse mental health outcomes than for cisgender and heteronormative populations [29,30].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“The MSM identifies three processes by which minority populations are exposed to minority stress: (1) external or distal environmental stressors, (2) expectations of harm and resulting vigilance, and (3) internalization of negative social attitudes into negative self-perception [29,30].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Many of the emotional responses reported, especially those that were intrapersonal, made it clear that anonymous cyberbullying and the threat it poses negatively impacted the mental health of participants, consistent with the MSM framework [29].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Conceptually, this is consistent with MSM explanations, whereby witnessing the cyberbullying of others within your community acts as an external stressor [29,30].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“The SM stress model (Meyer, 2013) posits that SM individuals have a higher vulnerability to experience mental health challenges due to the nefarious impact of social stressors inherent from living in heterosexist and/or cisheteronormative environments.”
Citations
Cites
Hendricks, M. (2014) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000024 · Cited by 8
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–887 of 887
Jorgenson, J. L. (2016) · Cornerstone (Minnesota State University, Mankato)
Demographic and Health Characteristics of Young Adult Sexual Minorities in the United States
Strutz, K. L., Herring, A. H., & Halpern, C. T. (2012)
Disenfranchised Grief & LGBT Survivors:
McNutt, B. (2012)
Om kjønn, seksualitet og identitet i terapeutiske interaksjoner
Holthe-Berg, H. (2012)
Evidence-Based Practices and Cultural Responsiveness
Allan, R. (2018) · Focused issues in family therapy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71395-3_3
Homofobia jako źródło zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa dzieci i młodzieży w szkole
Wycisk, J. (2018) · Dziecko Krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka
Valoración de bienes inmuebles
Pirla, S. F. (1992) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)
Hong, J. S., Zhang, S., Garthe, R. C., Hicks, M. R., deLara, E. W., & Voisin, D. R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412998
Anderson, C. T. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818954-2.00023-7 · Cited by 1
A Rollercoaster Experience: Gay Males Pursuing Couples Counseling
Champagne, B., & McKinney, R. (2022) · Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1080/26924951.2021.1983500
Karavakou, V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85690-8_9
Bigler, K. M., & Modica, C. A. (2022) · Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1080/26924951.2022.2043217
Minority Stress of Workers as Internal Customers: A Case Study in Turkey
Akgül, T.-D., & Güneş, V. (2023) · Athens Journal of Business & Economics · doi:10.30958/ajbe.9-1-7
REZILIENTNOST LGBTQ+ MLADIH V OKVIRU VZGOJE IN IZOBRAŽEVANJA: INTEGRATIVNI PREGLED LITERATURE
Ferbežar, N., & Tretjak, M. G. (2023) · Teorija in praksa · doi:10.51936/tip.60.1.151
Gao, Q., Antfolk, J., & Santtila, P. O. (2023) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/14747049231179151 · Cited by 1
Childhood Maltreatment and Heroism
Szachter, Y., & Shahar, G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17125-3_319-1
Schrijver, L. D., Fomenko, E., Schuster, I., Tomaszewska, P., Dias, S., & Keygnaert, I. (2023) · European Journal of Psychology Open · doi:10.1024/2673-8627/a000049 · Cited by 2
Shelton, S. A., & Parsons, A. (2024) · The English Journal · doi:10.58680/ej2024113481
Perceived Social Support and Parental Stress among Married Couples: An Exploratory Study
Lokesh, M. A. L. (2024) · International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) · doi:10.21275/sr24406225134
A National Longitudinal Study of Same-Sex Partnership and Self-Rated Health Trajectories
Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2024) · Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health · doi:10.1891/lgbtq-2023-0026
Wycisk, J. (2024) · Człowiek i Społeczeństwo · doi:10.14746/cis.2024.57.7
Toussaint, D. J., Schweitzer, R., & Mitchell, R. (2024) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2024.2364881
Clark, A. N., Walters, T. L., Hanna‐Walker, V. R., & Lefkowitz, E. S. (2024) · Interpersona An International Journal on Personal Relationships · doi:10.5964/ijpr.10065
Cho, H., & Sisco, S. T. (2024) · European journal of training and development · doi:10.1108/ejtd-10-2023-0169
Focus on the less exposed: a virtual photovoice study with LGQ educators
Parsons, A. (2024) · Teachers and Teaching · doi:10.1080/13540602.2024.2401063
Childhood Maltreatment and Heroism
Szachter, Y., & Shahar, G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48129-1_319
Safe Spaces for Queer Couples: A Case Study
Outler, C., & Lowery, D. F. (2024) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-024-09721-z
Carignan-Allard, M., & Bergeron, M. (2023) · Travail social. · doi:10.7202/1113798ar · Cited by 1
Schradi, E., Hasenöhrl, C., Hofer, A., & Wunderer, E. (2024) · Kindesmisshandlung und -vernachlässigung · doi:10.13109/kind.2024.27.2.108
Gorritz, F. B., & Byrd, J. J. (2025) · Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1080/26924951.2024.2439604 · Cited by 1
Minority Stress and Resilience in Student Experiences of Education
Supianto, S. (2025) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2024.2442642
Greek validation of the Scale on Beliefs About Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families (SBCASSF)
Daoultzis, K. C., & Kordoutis, P. (2025) · Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences · doi:10.5964/miss.13799
Erkan, M., Akyurt, D., & Senol, Y. Y. (2025) · Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası · doi:10.25282/ted.1531400
Response to the Letter to the Editor
Ferbežar, N., Kopinič, A., & Tretjak, M. G. (2025) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2025.2493152
Dolence, X. A., Hermann, B. A., Mullins, I. I., & Blagov, P. S. (2025) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2025.2493145
Fallahi, C. R., DiPlacido, J., Blau, J. J. C., Collier, A. E., Anatra, A. S., & Simao, M. L. (2025) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-025-10360-1
Suen, Y. T. (2025) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2025.308102
Ratcliff, J. J., Miller, A. K., Monheim, C. L., & Rice, C. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251343203 · Cited by 5
Kelleher, S., Murphy, M. F., & Murphy, R. (2025) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2025.2507798
Mącik, D., & Kędziora, W. (2025) · Health Psychology Report · doi:10.5114/hpr/200847
Black Placemaking in NASCAR Spaces
Vadeboncoeur, J. D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00682-0_4
Garcia, J. M. C. B. D., Tate, H. K., Sicherer, M., & Schmidt, E. K. (2025) · American Journal of Sexuality Education · doi:10.1080/15546128.2025.2546864
Klysing, A., Claréus, B., & Lundberg, T. (2025) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2025.2572016
Bergey, A. E., Liponis, B. O., & Blagov, P. S. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08334-5 · Cited by 1
The Interrelationship Between Workplace Discrimination and Health
Miao, Z. (2025) · Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies · doi:10.61173/q7nnrw13
Subburaj, A., Kathiresan, A., Ponnusamy, R., Buitelaar, P., & Chakravarthi, B. R. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05855-3_27
Recommended Methodologies for Retaining Transgender Participants in Counseling Research
Welfare, L. E., Westcott, J. B., & Heasley, C. D. (2025) · Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1080/26924951.2025.2456706
Komlenac, N., Haller, M., Birke, J., & Walther, A. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05963-w
Rentería, R., Dyar, C., Macaulay, T., Watson, R. J., & Feinstein, B. A. (2025) · Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health · doi:10.1891/lgbtq-2024-0032
Examining Differences in Stress Symptoms Based on Sexual Orientation
Dickson, A. D. (2012) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University)
Komlenac, N., Stockburger, K., Birke, J., & Hochleitner, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27059105
Mwaniki, S. W., Kaberia, P. M., Mugo, P. M., & Palanee‐Phillips, T. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24240137
LGBTQ Mental Health Disparities in The Deep South
Feiszli, R., & Strunk, K. K. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64113-968-720251006
Atmosphere of Canadian Queer Theatre Festivals: An Ethnographic Study
Chaffe, A., McGill, C. M., & Haddock, B. H. (2026) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-025-10515-0
The Well-being of LGBTQ+ People in Czechia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Pitoňák, M., Fredriksen‐Goldsen, K. I., & Oswald, A. G. (2026) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-025-01258-6
Initial Development and Validation of the LGBTQ+ Microaggressions in Counseling Scale
Yi, H. J., Koch, J. M., Meng, L. Y. C., Gao, Q., Mahatmya, D., & Shin-Hwang, J. (2026) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2026.2623268
Haro, C. L. (2026) · Justice, Opportunities, and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/2997965x.2026.2633145
Kwon, P. H., Walters, S., Rathore, L., Dermid, G., Rian, S. W., Thiele, K., Cafferata, J., Maylath, B., Davis-Coelho, K., Lopez, J., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2026.2653807
Weinstein, N., Rahman, Q., Ryan, W. S., & Legate, N. (2017) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Srivastava, U., & Dhoundiyal, A. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-1202-4.ch006
McGeough, B. L., & Cohen, N. L. (2026) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/29933021.2026.2680564
Herrera, L. J. P. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009789318
Chen, Z., Hoskin, J. M., Murray, S. M., Sanchez, T., Glick, J. L., Wiginton, J. M., Fine, S. L., & Robinson, K. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.94108
Safe Schools Coalitions in the Deep South
Young, S. R., Phan, N., Lowe, E., Stewart, I. F., & Rapisarda, C. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64113-247-320251008
Yu, J., Zheng, H., Xin, J., Huang, W., Huang, H., Xie, H., & Li, Y. (2026) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-026-03440-2
Kim, D., Beltran, R. M., Sevillano, L., Cordero, L., Hong, C., Garner, A., Howell, S., & Holloway, I. W. (2026) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/29933021.2026.2680113
Enhancing awareness of QTBIPOC lives and strategies of resilience for QTBIPOC substance use recovery
Gorritz, F. B. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2026.2685547
Johnson, E. B., Ross, M. C., Ure, R., Erekson, D. M., & Goates-Jones, M. K. (2026) · The Journal of LGBTQ+ Mental Health · doi:10.1080/30678935.2026.2686244
Families of choice among LGBTQ + people in Slovenia: Meanings, formation, barriers, and significance
Ferbežar, N. (2026) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.70246
Psychological Resilience Across the Lifespan and in Diverse Communities
Chenji, S. G., & Ghosh, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-3085-1.ch001
Donorfio, L. K. M., Chapman, B. G., Highberg, N. P., Bernhardt, A. B., & Tomasino, D. F. (2026) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/01640275261469195
Dupont, C., & Feugé, É. (2026) · LGBTQ+ Family An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/27703371.2026.2706759
Cognitive and Affective Correlates of Handedness: Interactions with Gender Dysphoria and Rumination
Varadarajan, M. H., Pandian, D. R., K., J. D., & Madanagopal, D. (2026) · Annals of Neurosciences · doi:10.1177/09727531261459785
Pedrero, V., Bernales, M., & Silva-Sánchez, C. A. (2026) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2026.2700255
Schmid, N., Hofstetter, B., & Ort, A. (2026) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2026.100839
Alonso, D. J., Feuerstahler, L. M., & Gülgöz, S. (2026) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-026-01686-7
Spinks, N. (2026) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2026.2720578
Flatt, J. D., Klenczar, B., Kenney, S., Adhikari, B., Kittle, K. R., PHARR, J., Rook, E., & Terry, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1928319
Mahoney, A., Sugarman, S., Hough, K., Szabó, A., & Avena, N. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1890961
Minority stress, borders and nowhereness: work–life balance among gay men
Rajeev, D., & Maji, S. (2026) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-02-2026-0297
From identity to inner strength: exploring pathways of resilience among LGBTQ+ youth
Dua, K., & Bakhru, K. M. (2026) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-08-2026-0335
Wang, D., Li, Z., Yue, C. A., & Tao, W. (2026) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2026.102781
Cooke, K., Pecora, L. A., Westrupp, E., Hedley, D., Moseley, R. L., Hooley, M., & Stokes, M. A. (2026) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1177/25739581261489785
A 25-Year Meta-Analysis of LGBTQ+ Cybervictimization and Suicide Ideation and Behavior
Schuler, K. R., Struemph, E., Moore, S. B., Gornet, S., Bauer, G. D. B., Garcia, N. A., Borgogna, N. C., & Bartoli, A. J. (2026) · Crisis · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qbvrt_v1
Wandrey, R. L. (2015) · UWM Digital Commons (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)
Metadata
- Authors
- Meyer, I. H.
- Corresponding author
- Meyer, Ilan H.
- ORCID
- Meyer, Ilan H.
- Venue
- Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- S
- Pages
- 3-26
- ISSN
- 2329-0382 (ISSN-L)
- 2329-0390
- OpenAlex
- W2315207768
- Cited by
- 900
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 96
- FWCI
- 208.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Library of Medicine (G13LM007660)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, mental illness, mental health, prejudice, social stress, prevalence of mental disorders, conceptual framework
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
